Circuit Breaker and Safe Controlled Power Switch
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Abstract:
We present a simulation study on power device structures based on a dualization of the thyristor equivalent circuit. This dualization results in new power devices, namely, "circuit breaker" and "safe controlled power switch". Both the circuit breaker and the safe controlled power switch can be used to protect against over currents. The circuit breaker exhibits self protection against over currents while the safe controlled power switch with inherent over current turn-off capability is controlled by the MOS gates of the device. These novel power devices have very good on-state characteristics that are comparable to the on-state characteristics of the injection enhancement IGBTs.Keywords:
Fuse (electrical)
Once a power system is established it is necessary to protect it from faults (whether internal or external). So we use some protecting and sensing device like circuit breakers, Relays, Fuses etc. Circuit breaker is a mechanical device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time. This paper represents information about the basic types and electrical characteristics of circuit breaker based on medium used for arc quenching, that how it automatically breaks currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of faults. The insulating medium in which circuit interruption is performed is designated by suitable prefix, such as oil circuit breaker, air –break circuit breaker, air blast circuit breaker, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker.
Fuse (electrical)
Transient recovery voltage
Distribution board
Residual-current device
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A gate turn-off thyristor (known as a GTO) is a three terminal power semiconductor device. GTOs belong to a thyristor family having a four-layer structure. GTOs also belong to a group of power semiconductor devices that have the ability for full control of on- and off-states via the control terminal (gate). The basic structure of a GTO consists of a four-layer-PNPN semiconductor device, which is very similar in construction to a thyristor. It has several design features which allow it to be turned on and off by reversing the polarity of the gate signal. In the on-state the GTO operates in a similar manner to the thyristor. If the anode current remains above the holding current level then positive gate drive may be reduced to zero and the GTO will remain in conduction. A GTO may be modeled with two transistors. However, a GTO model consisting of two thyristors, which are connected in parallel, yield improved on-state, turn-on, and turn-off characteristics.
Gate turn-off thyristor
MOS-controlled thyristor
Static induction thyristor
Polarity (international relations)
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In this paper a comparison of three types of semiconductor devices suitable for high power applications is presented. All of these devices feature high switching speed and snubberless turn-off capability. The devices compared include two high voltage insulated gate bipolar transistor (HVIGBT) and two types of hard-driven GTO thyristors-the integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) and the emitter turn-on (ETO) thyristor. The conduction and switching characteristics are compared, and an assessment is presented of the impact on high-power converter circuits for these devices. Test results are shown.
Gate turn-off thyristor
MOS-controlled thyristor
Current injection technique
Static induction thyristor
High Voltage
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
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Citations (8)
Abstract As Electrical equipments are more sensible, it has to protect them from high current, short circuit occurance. For tripping, fuse, relays and circuit breakers are employed to safeguard the power system components and circuits as well. Due to existence of sensitive components, much attention is taken to care about the protecting system. This paper explains the protection of equipments using suitable circuit breaker. Ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaker(UFECB) is designed to act as an over current protection device. Circuit breakers like fuse or miniature breakers are preferred for breaking the circuit once short circuit is occurred. In case, when overload fault occurs, the time of tripping is slow and which depends on percentage of overload. For instant fault clearance, tripping mechanism is activated for sensitive loads[1]. Time taken for the tripping mechanism is also considered in a great manner for breaking and making the circuit at short instant.
Tripping
Fuse (electrical)
Residual-current device
Distribution board
Transient recovery voltage
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In many industrial and commercial installations, electrical distribution systems can deliver short-circuit currents approaching 200000 A, RMS symmetrical. The overcurrent protective device must safely interrupt any overload or short circuit and protect the electrical components from damage and/or destruction. The factors involved in protecting molded-case circuit breakers applied beyond their withstand ratings are presented, and engineering solutions to the problem are provided. The focus is on modern current-limiting fuses. It is shown that actual molded-case circuit breaker withstand ratings can be significantly less than the marked interrupting ratings. Proper, safe applications would require the designer to be aware of these reduced ratings and design systems based on these values. When current-limiting fuses are used to protect circuit breakers, the I/sub p/ let-through of the fuse should be less than I/sub p/ withstand ratings of the circuit breaker. When molded-case circuit breakers are used, safe design practice dictates that the short circuit and power factor not exceed the tested values as determined by the UL test circuit.< >
Fuse (electrical)
Overcurrent
Distribution board
Current limiting
Limiting
Residual-current device
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Power Electronics
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Citations (1)
A study of the behavior of current limiting fuses and of their effectiveness in protecting power thyristors is presented. Mathematical models simulating the prearcing and arcing characteristics of the fuse are described and used for analog computer evaluations. The junction temperature response of a thyristor to surge currents is analyzed with the aid of a further model. Finally, the fuse and thyristor simulations are coupled for a survey of the combined system. From this, a practical fuse/thyristor coordination rule is developed.
Fuse (electrical)
MOS-controlled thyristor
TRIAC
Gate turn-off thyristor
Electric arc
Limiting
Power-system protection
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Citations (11)
Most 11 kV overhead line fuses are connected to spurs beyond a ground mounted circuit-breaker or, beyond a pole mounted circuit-breaker that is being operated as a source circuit-breaker. Group fusing, as above, has replaced the use of fuses in series and, largely, the fusing of individual transformers. However, even with group-fusing and the wide implementation of auto-reclosing, most fuse operations are still nondamage. The task for the fuse is that it should operate when the circuit-breaker recloses if a fault remains on the spur. Simple as this seems, it requires the circuit-breaker to operate before the fuse for the first protection operation, but the fuse to operate before the circuit-breaker for the second. The difficulty of placing the fuse characteristic between the instantaneous and delayed characteristics of the circuit-breaker is discussed by the author.
Fuse (electrical)
Recloser
Residual-current device
Distribution board
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In view of protection requirements and development of protective apparatus, the main advantages and shortcomings of fuses and circuit breakers were analyzed and compared. Based on it, the selection of design scheme of fuses and circuit breakers were given out. How to recognize role and characteristics of fuse and circuit breaker correctly and give its full play in different conditions were presented in this paper.
Fuse (electrical)
Distribution board
Residual-current device
Transient recovery voltage
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Citations (0)
In this paper, a comparison of losses and size for three semiconductor devices suitable for medium voltage (2.4 kV, 3.3 kV and 6.6 kV) high power applications is presented. The comparison is made for medium voltage PWM current source rectifiers using a selective harmonic elimination technique. The devices compared are high voltage insulated gate bipolar transistor (HVIGBT) and two types of hard-driven thyristors, namely, the symmetrical gate commutated thyristor (SGCT) and the asymmetrical gate commutated thyristor (AGCT). The study depends on practical devices, data sheets from well known semiconductor vendors, taking into account accurate discrimination between turn-off and recovery states.
Gate turn-off thyristor
Current injection technique
Commutation
Harmonic
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
Current source
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Citations (2)