Host-parasite specificity in coccidia: infection of the chicken with the turkey coccidium, Eimeria meleagridis
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Abstract:
1. Chickens were infected with Coccidia, considered to be Eimeria meleagridis , from turkeys. 2. Turkeys were subsequently infected with oocysts obtained from the chickens. 3. Slight variation from normal measurements of the coccidia in chickens is attributed to development in an abnormal host. 4. E. acervulina from chickens was not infective to a coccidia-free turkey chick.Keywords:
Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Coccidiostats
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Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Fowl
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The anticoccidial activity of the ionophorus antibiotic narasin was tested against six species of coccidia (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria mivati, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria brunetti, and Eimeria tenella) in battery-raised broilers. Feeding ration medicated with 60, 80, or 100 ppm narasin significantly improved weight gains during the periods of D 0 to D7 and D 0 to D 14 (D 0 = day of inoculation with sporulated oocysts), compared with the weight gains in corresponding inoculated groups fed unmedicated feed. A similar protective effect of the medication was seen with feed conversion ratios (feed consumed/bird weight) and coccidiosis-induced mortality. With most species studied, 40 and 60 ppm narasin was not as efficacious as 80 or 100 ppm. The maximum numerial improvement in weight gain and feed conversion ratio was with 80 ppm narasin. Gross intestinal lesion scores were reduced by medication compared with the scores in birds fed unmedicated feed. The overall trend was for a larger reduction in lesion score with higher drug levels. Narasin at 80 or 100 ppm was generally more effective in controlling individual or mixed species infections of coccidia than 99 ppm monensin.
Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Monensin
Eimeria maxima
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Objective In order to investigate infection and species of chicken coccidian in Anhui province.Methods One hundred and seventy-two fecal specimens were examined with the methods of saturated salt water floating and potassium dichromate cultivation method.Results The chicken coccidia infection rate was 100% and seven kinds of Eimeria were found in all,namely,Eimeria necatrix,Eimeria acervulina,Eimeria maxima,Eimeria tenella,Eimeriamitis,Eimeria hagani and Eimeria praecox.Conclusion The infection of chicken coccidian existed widely in the investigated area of Anhui province.
Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Eimeria maxima
Potassium dichromate
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EIMERIA MIVATI is the most recently described of the nine recognized species of chicken coccidia (Edgar and Siebold, 1964). No controlled experiments have been reported comparing the long range effects of mild and heavy infection with this species. Such background information would aid the diagnostician in deciding if a flock has coccidiosis, requiring treatment, or coccidiasis, requiring none. Coccidiasis (Levine, 1961) has been defined as a mild infection resulting in no measurable damage. In a recent study conducted on E. acervulina, an upper intestinal coccidium, it was concluded that a lesion score of +1 and possibly +2 lesions should be diagnosed as coccidiasis in field cases (Reid and Johnson, 1970; Johnson and Reid, 1970) while the more severe +3 and +4 lesion scores should be classed as coccidiosis and treated accordingly. To determine the effects of light, moderate and heavy infections of E. mivati on broiler-type chickens, graded doses of…
Coccidia
Flock
Eimeria acervulina
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A 2 x 6 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of coccidial infections in ochratoxin A-compromised chicks. Ochratoxin A was incorporated into the feed at the dose levels of 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 micrograms/g toxin in feed (ppm), and fed to the birds from 1 day of age. Birds from each treatment were inoculated with either Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella at 14 days of age. Ochratoxin A decreased the severity of lesions caused by both E. acervulina and E. tenella but did not prevent infection. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, relative weight of the kidney, and plasma protein levels were altered in a manner consistent with the independent effects of ochratoxicosis and coccidiosis. A combination of ochratoxin A and either species of coccidia produced a greater decrease in body weights, increase in feed conversions, and decrease in plasma carotenoid levels than either disease alone. The relative weight of the liver and level of plasma uric acid were altered in a manner that was dependent on the species of coccidia used. These data indicate that ochratoxin A and coccidial infections can interact to limit broiler performance and that some responses are directly related to the species of coccidia.
Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Ochratoxins
Eimeria maxima
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The study of the specific pathogenicity of Eimeria sp. was impossible in the absence of coccidium free Rabbits and in consequence of pure strains of Coccidia. Recently, we could realise these two conditions and started the comparative study of E. magna, E. media, E. perforans and E. intestinalis infection. E. intestinalis is characterised by a higher pathogenicity: symptoms and mortality are more important and complete recovery is rare.
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Salinomycin
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Coccidia
Eimeria acervulina
Litter
Eimeria maxima
Antibody titer
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