Electronic Characteristics of Bacteriorhodopsin
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To effectively integrate bacteriorhodopsin (bR) with micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) devices, it is critical to know the electrical properties of the material and to understand how it will affect the functionality of the device. Inductance, capacitance and resistance (LCR) measurements can be used to determine material characteristics, such as permittivity, film thickness, and capacitance. In this paper, LCR measurements of dried films of oriented and unoriented bR with both light-on and light-off conditions are presented. Tests were performed on dried films of bR to determine if there is a relationship between LCR measurements and orientation, light-on/off, frequency, and time. The results indicated that the LCR measurements depended on the thickness and area of the film, but not on the orientation, as with other biological materials such as muscle. However, there was a transient LCR response for both oriented and unoriented bR which depends on light intensity. The possible effect of integrating this material with a single electron transistor (SET) is also briefly discussed.Keywords:
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In renewable energy systems, the power needs to be transmitted to the receiver end efficiently. This paper discusses the influence of mutual inductance measurement for high-efficiency wireless power transmission (WPT). We analyzed the antenna performance in this research by observing S parameter measurement. Considering the theoretical result of S parameter is the standard used, its calculation must be precise. We had verified all the values of parameters used to calculate the standard except for mutual inductance. For the initial standard calculated, we applied the mutual inductance value derived from a mathematical equation. This leads to inaccuracy in the standards and a great difference between the theoretical and measurement results. To improve the performance evaluation, we determined the actual value of mutual inductance formed in the antenna and applied it in the calculation for the new standard. By measuring antenna parameters using LCR meter in two different connection of antenna, we completed the verification operation. Here, the connection of LCR meter and the antennas are in series and later is switch into reverse. Through the measurement results, we obtained the mutual inductance value and applied it to calculate the new standard. The new standard shows a decrease in the differences between the new theoretical result and measurement results. Thus, we can conclude that the new theoretical result is more accurate and should be set as the standard when evaluating the antenna performance in the WPT system.
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A method of measuring the inductance of ferrite core coils which requires no resonant capacitance, thereby eliminating need for circuit tuning to permit quick measurement, is described. The experimental instrument could measure the inductance from 250 to 350 μH at 796 kHz. The values of inductance measured with this instrument agreed with those measured with the conventional Q meter to within ±1 percent.
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Abstract The increased speeds of logic circuitry make the electrical characteristics of LSI packages more important. This is especially true of inductance, which is the main source of simultaneous switching noise (SSN). To improve the accuracy of SSN simulations, inductance models of LSI packages should be represented by inductance matrices; and, thus, to construct precise models, it is necessary to have an inductance measurement method. A new inductance measurement method of nanohenry‐order accuracy is proposed that uses an LCR‐meter. Since the parasitic inductance of measurement probes usually decreases accuracy, a special probe with minimized parasitic inductance was developed. The new measurement method has the additional advantage of high spatial resolution. The results of measurements proved to be in good agreement with calculations.
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A new inductance extraction method is defined to accelerate modeling of massively coupled resistance-inductance-capacitance ( RLC ) interconnects. The new relative inductance generates a sparse inductance matrix. Therefore, it enables modeling of large circuits with reasonable speed and accuracy. It maintains accuracy for a wide frequency range, even for the cases that there are far inductance couplings. It is demonstrated that the relative inductance matrix is equivalent to the conventional partial inductance matrix. Simulations done for a 16-bit bus with each bus line divided into 32 segments show that the simulations using the relative inductance method is 20 times faster and requires 9.5 times less memory compared to the established partial inductance method.
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It is important contents in 《Electric Circuit》that the characteristic of inductance and capacitance in sinusosidal A.C.circuit.This text interprets and verifies it from several angles.It can help readers comprehend the inductance and capacitance.
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This paper describes a method for realisation of inductance and quality factor to high frequencies by determining the frequency response of gain-and phase-error of an inductance meter using two coils made of a single copper wire. As a starting point a traceable calibration of inductance at 1 kHz is used.
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Measurement of small inductors is the trickiest compared to other component testing using typical LCR-meters providing test frequency of 100 kHz or lower. Inductance of 1 nH at 100 kHz only produces 6 mOhm impedance that is comparable to a contact resistance of the probes. Even at 1 MHz the impedance would only be 60 mOhms. We demonstrate a simple method of extraction of the two-wire probe parasitic inductance using HP4284A LCR-meter and HP16034E test fixture. The method effectively allows to measure sub nH inductors.
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Hanna Fury Nur Ramdany, Heru Winarno in this paper explain that inductors have an important role in the field of electronics. Many values of capacitors and inductors whose values are difficult to translate, namely when capacitors and inductors are of low value and the color of the print is less clear , also considering the human read factor when an analog measuring instrument is used. From these problems, it is designed an inductance measuring instrument (L Meter) whose results can be directly displayed.The research method used in the manufacture of inductance meter measuring instruments is the literature method and laboratory tests using frequency variables generated or read by the oscillator circuit. The inductance measuring instrument designed in this researc is simple and meticulous measuring instrument that can be read and used by everyone. This digital inductance meter can be used to measure inductance - inductance with a level or a range of measurements between 20μH –100mH.The lower the inductor value measured, the higher the percentage error. So that the tools designed must be able to work well. The average error ratio of an inductance meter with a standard LCR meter is 6.5%. . Keywords: Measuring, Inductor, Microcontroller and LCD DisplayReferencesMimail,B. (2011) Dasar Teknik Elektro Rangkaian Listrik.Malang UB Press.Malvino, A.P. (1979). Prinsip-Prinsip Elektronik Edisi Kedua (terjemahan Hanapi Gunawan). Jakarta:Erlangga.Malvino, A.P. (1996). Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Elektronika Edisi Ketiga (terjemahan Prof. M. Barmawi, Ph.D. , M.O. Tjia, Ph.D., Departemen Fisika, Institut Teknlogi Bandung). Jakarta: Erlangga.Bishop, O. (2004). Dasar-Dasar Elektronika (terjemahan Irzam Harmein S.T). Jakarta: Erlangga.Yuliana, E. (2006). Rancang Bangun Alat Induktansi dan Kapasitansi Meter. Semarang. Universitas Negeri Semarang.Amallia, F. (2009). Rancang Bangun Kapasitansi dan Induktansi Meter Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Atmega8 Dengan Tampilan LCD. Jakarta. Universitas Mercu Buana.Frank D, Petrezuella. (2001). Elektronika Industri. Yogyakarta: Andi
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We present a new inductance measurement technique using a multi-frequency LCR meter. The inductance of superconducting (YBCO) delay lines was measured both as a function of temperature and bias current. The measured temperature dependence of the change in inductance for both meander and straight lines shows a square dependence on temperature, in good agreement with an unconventional pairing state. The effective magnetic penetration depth can be determined from the theoretical expression of the inductance for the case of a microstrip configuration with two identical superconducting films. The current-controlled inductance is well described by a modified Ginzburg - Landau equation.
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