CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: EVALUATION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN THE ÇUKUROVA REGION OF TURKEY
3
Citation
22
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may depend on the detection of the parasite in histologic sections, the growth of the promastigotes in culture, or the identification of parasite by other techniques. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on paraffin-embedded biopsies to determine the validity of this technique for diagnosis of CL. PCR was used to detect the parasite using 2 different DNA extraction methods. PCR was positive in all 20 cases when the Leishmania parasite was detected by light microscopy. Twenty-seven of 34 cases that were negative microscopically for the parasite were positive using PCR. The first extraction method of DNA identified leishmanial DNA in 41 of 54 cases (75.9%); the second extraction of DNA was positive in 47 of 54 cases (87%). PCR was negative in all of the nonleishmaniasis cases. The PCR-based method appears to be a useful diagnostic approach for identification of suspected cases of CL.Endemic diseases
Cite
Citations (85)
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is an unusual form of cutaneous leishmaniasis mainly caused by infection with Leishmania aethiopica in the Old World. In this paper, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported for the first time, in an Egyptian patient from Sinai Peninsula resulting from infection with L. major zymodeme LOND-1 as proved by enzymatic characterization, using seven enzymes.
Cite
Citations (9)
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) is characterised by multiple and progressive cutaneous lesions, resistance to chemotherapy and Leishmania-specific T-cell anergy. We report the first autochthonous DCL case and the first human infection with Leishmania amazonensis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, where only L. braziliensis is considered to be the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania amazonensis was identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and PCR-RFLP. Our case was diagnosed as DCL according to clinical, parasitological, histopathological and immunological criteria. These observations indicate that L. amazonensis is increasing its geographical distribution in Brazil, accounting for unusual clinical presentations in new transmission areas.
Leishmania braziliensis
Kinetoplastida
Cite
Citations (64)
Cite
Citations (15)
Treatment of leishmaniasis by chemotherapy remains a challenge because of limited efficacy, toxic side effects, and drug resistance. We previously reported that synthetic flavonoid dimers have potent antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity against Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Here, we further investigate their leishmanicidal activities against cutaneous Leishmania species. One of the flavonoid dimers (compound 39) has marked antipromastigote (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s], 0.19 to 0.69 μM) and antiamastigote (IC50s, 0.17 to 2.2 μM) activities toward different species of Leishmania that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, including Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania tropica, and Leishmania major. Compound 39 is not toxic to peritoneal elicited macrophages, with IC50 values higher than 88 μM. In the mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by subcutaneous inoculation of L. amazonensis in mouse footpads, intralesional administration of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight of compound 39.HCl can reduce footpad thickness by 36%, compared with that of controls values. The amastigote load in the lesions was reduced 20-fold. The present study suggests that flavonoid dimer 39 represents a new class of safe and effective leishmanicidal agent against visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Amastigote
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Cite
Citations (31)
Abstract Background The term “leishmaniasis” defines a group of vector‐borne diseases caused by species of the genus Leishmania and characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Parasite properties (infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence), host factors, and host responses regulate heterogeneous disease expression. Sicily is one of the major islands of the Mediterranean Basin and is considered to be a hypo‐endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania infantum is the most common species on the island. Methods Fifty patients (both sexes and different ages) with lesions clinically suggestive of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded over a 1‐year period. The diagnosis was based on positive slit‐skin smear and histopathologic studies when needed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed as test confirmation. Results Twenty‐five patients had typical solitary lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Multiple lesions were present in five patients. In 20 patients, the lesions were very unusual, including erysipeloid, zosteriform, and lupoid leishmaniasis. The results of Leishmania isoenzyme characterization identified Leishmania infantum as the species responsible for the 20 atypical cases. Conclusion The global number of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sicily has increased in recent years, and such increases can be explained, in part, by the fact that, in this region, sandflies are present during a large part of the year. This is a result of the climatic variation in recent years (increasing temperature and humidity). There has also been an increase in the number of new and rare variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A knowledge of the unusual clinical variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as classical forms, allows early detection.
Canine leishmaniasis
Cite
Citations (27)
Modalities
Treatment modality
Endemic diseases
Cite
Citations (108)
Eleven cases of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis are described based on clinical features such as sex, age, occupation, country visited prior to consultation, sites and numbers of lesions, duration of illness, treatment and outcomes. Ketoconazole was shown to be effective against imported cutaneous leishmaniasis. With the increasing numbers of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to exchange workers going to the endemic areas and the presence of vectors in some localities in Thailand, primary transmission of the disease in this country is possible if feeding habits of the vectors change.
Endemic diseases
Endemic diseases
Cite
Citations (17)
To identify the Leishmania species being responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Multan.Parasites were isolated from clinically and parasitologically confirmed lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis from 30 patients by fine needle aspiration (FNA). The bioptical materials were then cultured in Evans Tobie's medium and parasites isolated were identified by isoenzyme electrophoresis technique.Successful Leishmania isolates were obtained from 16 patients. All strains were identified by biochemical techniques as belonging to Leishmania tropica zimodeme MON7 variant PGD.The causative species was identified as Leishmania tropica.
Leishmania tropica
Kinetoplastida
Cite
Citations (30)
Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by the presence of a large (≥10) number of lesions at several anatomic sites (head, limbs, and trunk). Most of the lesions are small, papular, and appear simultaneously with or secondarily to one or several ulcerated lesions of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. We report the first case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana. It concerns a 24-year-old woman who tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The disease began with three lesions that became ulcerated. One week later, multiple papulo-nodular lesions appeared. We counted a total of 425 lesions. Leishmania were observed in the lesions. The species involved was L. guyanensis , which has never been described in a case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. The patient was rapidly cured by a single course of pentamidine. Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis should be distinguished from other types of leishmaniasis with multiple lesions. These include anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, post-kala-azar leishmaniasis, and leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection.
Cite
Citations (47)