Estimates of combining ability and heterosis for growth traits in a full diallel cross of three strains of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.
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We attempted to determine the combining ability and heterosis of body weight by performing 3 × 3 complete diallel crosses derived by crossing three common carps ( Cyprinus carpio var. jian, Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel and Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). In total, 1650 fish were tagged when they were 1.5 months of age. After five months, Jian carp (♂) × Huanghe carp (♀) attained greater weight than pure and other hybrids. By crossing with Jian, Huanghe and Heilongjiang carps have improved body weight compared to their purebred. Significant principal components (PCs) were generated from growth performance data and their statistical loadings. The first principal component had the highest Eigen value of 2.81 and accounted for 70.31% of the variability in the data set. Two crosses, Jian carp (♂) × Huanghe carp (♀) and Huanghe carp (♂) × Jian carp (♀) showed high SCA with regard to body weight. Both Heilongjiang carp (♂) × Jian carp (♀) and Heilongjiang carp (♂) × Huanghe carp (♀) had higher heterosis compared to their purebreds. Significant positive phenotypic correlations were also observed between body weight and body length, thickness and height. The aforementioned results listed were identified as the foundation for common carp selective breeding programs. Keywords : Common carp, cross-breeding, heterosis African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(22), pp. 3514-3521Keywords:
Common carp
Purebred
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The aim of this study was to estimate heterosis and heritability for harvest body weight of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) measured at commercial farm conditions. Heterosis and heritability were estimated using a base population from diallel crosses of eight introduced strains. The base population included 9936 shrimp from 207 families that were produced with 188 sires and 172 dams using a nested mating design by artificial insemination. Heterosis was calculated basing on the least squares means (LSM) of harvest body weight. The results showed that most of the hybrids (75%) have positive heterosis for harvest body weight, which ranged from −13.36% (UA2 × UA5) to 13.80% (UA6 × UA5) with a mean of 2.41%. The high amount of heterosis manifested in the hybrids indicated the usefulness of these hybrids for improving the growth. Variance components and heritability for harvest body weight were estimated using an animal model. The heritability estimate for harvest body weight was 0.092 ± 0.082 (h2) when genetic groups were excluded from the pedigree, but it was decreased when genetic groups were included in the pedigree ( = 0.066 ± 0.050), implying that there are strain additive genetic effect and heterosis in the base population. However, the heritability estimates for harvest body weight were significantly different from zero (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between h2 and (P > 0.05). The results from this study indicated that significant improvement for growth is possible through cross-breeding and selective breeding in L. vannamei.
Litopenaeus
Mating design
Additive genetic effects
Selective breeding
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One of the important fields of carp breeding work is improvement of the commercial traits of created carp breeds or cross-breed commercial crosses. The main indicator determining the value of commercial fish is edible carcass yield depending on the interior (relative weight of carcass edible parts) and the exterior (high spin, ratios of head and body girth, type of scale) indices. The paper presents the results of researches on interior indicators (body parts ratio) of twoyearlings of two-breed crosses obtained from crossing of adapted fourth generation imported breeds grown in Belarus with carp lines of Belarusian selection. The edible part of carcass size varied from 60.7 % (three prim x fresinet) to 66.7% (GermançLahvinsk scaly), averaging 64.0 % in the two-breed crosses studied. Compared with the average population yield of carcass in twobreed crosses, statistically significant advantages were determined in combinations of crossing with German carp. In this regard, quite high indicators were also observed in combinations with the Yugoslav carp, where it was used as the maternal component of crosses, and in combinations obtained from crossing the Mirror Isobelin carp with a Butterfly breed. Based on comprehensive assessment of interior indicators, a number of crosses have been determined with increased nutritional value of carcasses, among which the maximum nutritional value was shown by the cross Germançthree prim. The obtained data are of practical importance for creation of industrial hybrids with attractive commercial traits.
Breeding program
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// Rong Huang 1 , Jiaxian Sun 2 , Qing Luo 1 , Libo He 1 , Lanjie Liao 1 , Yongming Li 1 , Fuhua Guo 2 , Zuoyan Zhu 1 and Yaping Wang 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China 2 Tongwei Company, Limited, Chengdu, China Correspondence to: Yaping Wang, email: // Keywords : Ctenopharyngodon idellus, full-sib families, paternity test, breeding, Pathology Section Received : August 12, 2015 Accepted : September 13, 2015 Published : October 01, 2015 Abstract The grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) is an important species in freshwater aquaculture both in China and on a global scale. Variety degeneration and frequent diseases have limited the further development of grass carp aquaculture. Thus, new and improved varieties are required. Here, we identified and assessed the body weight and disease resistance in a random mating population of 19 ♀ × 22 ♂ grass carp, which were derived from different water systems. In both the growth experimental group of 10,245 fish and grass carp reovirus (GCRV)-infected group with 10,000 fish, 78 full-sib families were statistically analyzed for body weight and GCRV resistance. The findings showed that body weight traits had low heritability (0.11 ± 0.04, 0.10 ± 0.03 and 0.12 ± 0.05), GCRV resistance traits had high heritability (0.63 ± 0.11); body weight was higher in 3 families, whereas GCRV resistance was significantly greater in 11 families. Our results confirmed that the natural germplasm resources of wild grass carp were genetically diverse. Breeding of GCRV resistant varieties of grass carp have better genetic basis. This study provides the basis for constructing basal populations for grass carp selective breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis.
Grass carp
Germ plasm
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Abstract The present paper describes the effect of heterosis found in a full diallel design 4×4 pure strains of laying hens. There were 36 individually measured hens per combination. In economic terms and with regard to a low food conversion ratio (FCR), positive heterosis was found for egg weight, egg number and total egg mass, while negative heterosis was found for food consumption in the rearing period 0-16 weeks, body weight, weight gain and yolk percentage. On average, there was negative but non-significant heterosis for FCR. Five of the combinations had positive but non-significant heterosis in FCR, while seven combinations had negative heterosis; three were significantly different from zero. No significant differences in mortality between the pure strains and the hybrids were found.
Yolk
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Grass carp
Restricted maximum likelihood
Common carp
Maternal effect
Genetic correlation
Selective breeding
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A complete diallel cross experiment was conducted with five strains of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) representing three wild populations collected from main river basins in Thailand and two farm populations in southern Thailand. Growth performance was recorded from 794 individually tagged progeny of the 24 different strain combinations after a grow-out period of about 130 d in an earthen pond. Least squares means of body weight at harvest and absolute growth rates were computed for each strain combination. The Chumphon strain showed the highest growth performance (81.1 ± 1.1 g). The Surat Thani × Chumphon (the first strain represents the sire) showed the highest survival (65.4 ± 25.50%) among the purebreds and the crossbreds. The domesticated gene pool had much better growth in aquaculture than the wild gene pool. The correlation between the least squares means of body weight and the survival rates in the 24 strain combinations was 0.51 (p < 0.05). The mean heterosis of all crossbreds across traits was negative (−10.2 ± 22.7%). Heterosis appeared to decrease when different gene pools were crossed. This suggests that there may be outbreeding depression. The advantage of crossbred performance was clearly not shown in the study.
Anabas testudineus
Sire
Brahman
Strain (injury)
Climbing
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Crucian carp
Gonadosomatic Index
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Mating design
Common carp
Selective breeding
Genetic gain
Breeding program
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