State-of-the-art in product-service systems
Tim BainesHoward LightfootS. EvansAndy NeelyRichard GreenoughJoe PeppardRajkumar RoyEssam ShehabAshley BraganzaAshutosh TiwariJ.R. AlcockJonathan AngusMarko BastlAlan CousensP.E. IrvingMark JohnsonJennifer KingstonHelen LockettVeronica MartinezP MicheleDavid TranfieldI. WaltonHugh Wilson
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Abstract:
A Product-Service System (PSS) is an integrated combination of products and services. This Western concept embraces a service-led competitive strategy, environmental sustainability, and the basis to differentiate from competitors who simply offer lower priced products. This paper aims to report the state-of-the-art of PSS research by presenting a clinical review of literature currently available on this topic. The literature is classified and the major outcomes of each study are addressed and analysed. On this basis, this paper defines the PSS concept, reports on its origin and features, gives examples of applications along with potential benefits and barriers to adoption, summarizes available tools and methodologies, and identifies future research challenges.Keywords:
Product-service system
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Service product management
State of art
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Strategic design
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As a result of changes in the way consumers understand and determine value, the high value once placed on typical mass-produced products has diminished. Consequently, a new paradigm must be created to revitalize the global economy. New concepts have emerged which offer partial solutions: Service/Product Engineering (SPE) (formerly called Service Engineering), Product/Service Systems (PSS), Functional Products, and Functional Sales. In this report, a method for evaluating service solutions is proposed. Here, service evaluation is defined as an evaluation conducted by a provider during the design process in order to generate the largest value for all the concerned agents. First, a fundamental definition of service and elements for modeling a service are given. Quality Function Deployment (QFD), used widely in product design, and other mathematical methodologies are then employed. Finally, the proposed service evaluation method is used to evaluate a clothes-washing service in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. In addition, a service evaluation tool based on the proposed method is described. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated, as is the usefulness of the tool as a structural element of a service CAD system for service design support.
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Service management which includes the analysis of service profit chain, service interaction and quality interaction, informative technology in service quality management and contract product marketing in service industry with which in manufacturing, aims to study how to manage enterprises successfully in service competition. This paper discusses the formation of service management background, and analyzes the measures on how to structure travel agencies'' service system on the basis of service management theories.
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This paper discusses how to establish service engineering that is intended to intensify service contents of product life cycles. Intensification of service and knowledge contents within product life cycles is considered crucial for dematerialization, in particular, to design optimal product-service systems from the viewpoint of environmentally conscious design and manufacturing in advanced post industrial societies. The paper tries to define service as an activity that changes the state of a service receiver. Service contents of the service is provided by a service provider and delivered through a service channel. Artifacts are either the service contents or the service channel. Service engineering looks at development, design, and production of services and aims at improving the efficiency and quality of the service as well as its delivery. To establish service engineering, the paper then proposes a modeling technique of service.
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This paper aims to examine recent research issues related to the integration of service and product in view of industrial design. Further, it attempts to identify new opportunities for further research regarding “product-servicization” vs. “service-productization”.
In the continued efforts to provide the users with fuller experiences, one major trend is the blending of products and services. Much existing research seems to either present cases or propose frameworks regarding the ‘connection’, rather than ‘integration’ between products and services. Broadly, two major approaches seem to exist in this area: 1. product-servicization, 2. service-productization. The former generally indicates adding more services to existing products, whereas the latter generally refers to making services tangible and/or visible in the form of a product. However, findings of an extensive literature search conducted for this study suggest one important deficiency in dealing with service issues around the product: the ‘integration’ between the actual product design and service elements for supporting new service-product system. That is the rationale behind this research, an attempt to investigate the possibility for the integration of product design and service factors which could be embedded in the design of product itself in new service-product system.
This paper is largely based on qualitative research. New design research opportunities are identified by qualitatively analyzing relevant literature, synthesizing the information and presenting some cases to support the main argument of the research.
Design-led Service-Productization is not, and should not be re-arranging deck chairs on the Titanic. Rather, it should bring practical and tangible design issues related to new service-product system. Findings suggest that this approach could provide a new model of new product development integrated with a service scheme, which is a more proactive approach than “product-servicization”. Further development of this research could lead to establishing a framework for the Design-led Service-Product Integration.
Keywords:
Product-servicization; Industrial design; Service; Product; Integration
Product-service system
Service product management
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Product engineering
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Product-service system
Service product management
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Abstract With the change of business model, market competition has gradually changed from product competition to service competition, and service design has been paid more and more attention by various industries. The ultimate goal of service design is tantamount to bring users a better experience and maximize the interests of stakeholders. Therefore, this paper will create a service design method based on service dominant logic and more emphasis on user experience. This paper sorts and summarizes the concept, content and characteristics of service design and product service system, and then find out the future development direction of service design and product service system. In this paper, various design methods are analyzed and compared, and one of the best design methods is associated with the product service system to form a new design method. After that, this new design method will be applied to the service design of children’s design thinking education as a practice.
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It is critical to design for affordances, which is the messages of products and services that help human activities when properly perceived, in both product design and service design. Although research on product design for user activities or user-friendly design has been conducted, few efforts have been dedicated to product design for diverse service considerations. In the context of servitization and product-service systems, many new services are devised starting with a product. A systematic method is proposed to redesign products so that value propositions through services can be enhanced by dealing with service activities specifically. By integrating service activities and product functions, affordances for service activities are identified. Affordance features for those affordances are designed and combined into the redesign of a product to support service activities. An illustrative case of a standing wheelchair redesign is described to validate the applicability of the proposed method for product redesign for service considerations. The proposed method enhances through the redesign of products diverse life-cycle services in which many stakeholders are participating to co-create values for societal, entrepreneurial, and ecological sustainability.
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The global economy is experiencing a new stage of development. And how to establish a sound Product service system in the sustainable development period to bringing social and economic benefits and realizing sustainable economic and social development has become the major research topic. Service-dominant logic is permeating into the design of complex systems, which is an important pillar of service design, yet product-service systems have not been the mainstream, and there are no any other methods can deal with that transportation. In the context of sustainable development, the purpose of this paper is to explore how to optimize the Product service system with service as the leading factor and with service design as the guidance. In addition, the design method of this study can increase the value beyond the product and service layer, and solve the problem that lack of design literature in product and service system, and add the relevant information for it.
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