New non-invasive test of gastric acid secretion for use in children.
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Loss of the gastric acid barrier may lead to recurrent enteric infections, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, persistent diarrhoea, and thus malnutrition. To investigate this possibility, a new, non-invasive test of gastric acid secretion was developed ideal for field use in the developing world, where chronic diarrhoea and undernutrition are common. The test relies on the capacity of the kidney to retain H+ during gastric acid secretion, leading to a post-prandial urine 9alkaline tide9. Gastric intubation studies of seven healthy adult volunteers showed a direct relation between changes in gastric acid secretion and changes in urine acid output (measured as the H+/creatinine molar ratio in spot urine samples). Subjects who secreted gastric acid in response to stimulation with a sham feed showed a fall in urine acid output > 0.5 mmol H+/mmol creatinine (range -7.4 to -1.52 mean -1.12). The most reproducible decrease in urine acid output in response to normal food was observed around the time breakfast was usually eaten and was abolished by 36 hours of treatment with ranitidine. Breakfast time reductions in postprandial urine acid output in 22 healthy English children were comparable with those in healthy adults, and significantly different from values in achlorhydric adults. They were much more variable, however, in 106 Gambian children in whom values spanned both normochlorhydric and achlorhydric ranges (-12.7 to +1.8). Measuring changes in urine acid output at breakfast time provides a reliable indirect measure of gastric acid secretion that can be used in field conditions, enabling the relation between gastric acid output and the development of diarrhoeal diseases to be investigated.Cite
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Objective To investigate the relationship between postprandial blood lipid,serum insulin and blood glucose in the patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2).Methods 60 patients with DM2 were studied and their fasting and postprandial levels of blood lipid,apolipoprotein(Apo),serum insulin(Ins),plasma glucose(PG) were measured.Results (1)The levels of fasting and postprandial PG,Ins,TG were significantly increased and HDL and ApoA 1/ApoB 100 remarkably decreased, being compared with normal controls (P0.05);(2)Postprandial TG、LDL were positively correlated with fasting Ins (P0.05),Postprandial TC was positively correlated with postprandial PG (P0.05).Conclusion Patients with DM2 have significant disorder of postprandial blood lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, being remarkably correlated with the levels of postprandial PG and fasting Ins.
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Postprandial hyperlipemia produces long-term derangements in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, vascular endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and sympathetic hyperactivity which are strongly linked to atherogenesis. The purpose of this review is to (1) provide a qualitative analysis of the available literature examining the dysregulation of postprandial lipid metabolism in the presence of obesity, (2) inspect the role of adiposity distribution and sex on postprandial lipid metabolism, and (3) examine the role of energy deficit (exercise- and/or energy restriction-mediated), isoenergetic low-carbohydrate diets, and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on postprandial lipid metabolism. We conclude from the literature that central adiposity primarily accounts for sex-related differences in postprandial lipemia and that aerobic exercise attenuates this response in obese or lean men and women to a similar extent through potentially unique mechanisms. In contrast, energy restriction produces only mild reductions in postprandial lipemia suggesting that exercise may be superior to energy restriction alone as a strategy for lowering postprandial lipemia. However, isoenergetic very low-carbohydrate diets and n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduce postprandial lipemia indicating that macronutrient manipulations reduce postprandial lipemia in the absence of energy restriction. Therefore, interactions between exercise/energy restriction and alterations in macronutrient content remain top priorities for the field to identify optimal behavioral treatments to reduce postprandial lipemia.
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ABSTRACT. Gastric acid secretion in response to meals of infant formula was studied in 8 healthy infants aged 4 to 24 weeks. The technique involved intragastric volume determinations using a marker and measurement of the acidity of the gastric contents. In the 2‐hour postprandial period, pH declined from 7 to 5.2. The one‐hour postprandial gastric acid output was 236±49 μmol/kg body weight.
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Acarbose
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Chronic hyperglycaemia, confirmed with HbA1c levels, is a leading cause of diabetic complications. Recent studies point to a significant effect of postprandial glycaemia which results from an impaired ability of early secretion of insulin in type II diabetes. Postprandial hyperglycaemia is a frequent phenomenon in people with diabetes with satisfactory control of diabetes based on checks of HbA1c levels. Many authors demonstrate statistically more significant correlations between postprandial hyperglycaemia and HbA1c levels, compared to correlation of fasting glycaemia. Monitoring of postprandial glycaemia is a significant means for improving co-operation with a patient and provides a physician with a possibility of choice between an appropriate type of peroral antidiabetic or insulin.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of the elderly postprandial hypotension and vascular endothelial function.Methods 270 cases of elderly postprandial hypotension in elderly outpatients of our hospital were as experimental group,120 cases of healthy were as control group.Correlation of the elderly postprandial hypotension with von willebrand factor(vwF) and fibrinogen(Fbg) was analyzed.Results Hypotension after breakfast were 120 cases,105 cases were in postprandial hypotension,hypotension after dinner were of 45 cases,expression of vwF and Fbg in the experimental group compared with the control group,all had a significant difference(P 0.05).The expression of vwF and Fbg with postprandial hypotension had positive correlation(r = 0.589,0.603,P 0.05).Conclusion The expression of vwF and Fbg in the elderly postprandial were significantly increased,the elderly postprandial hypotension with vwF and Fbg have positive correlation.This can provide new methods and basis for the treatment of elderly postprandial hypotension.
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We determined whether, in 15 diabetic patients, a conventional low-protein diet containing a high proportion of mono- and disaccharides would lead to a deterioration of postprandial glucose metabolism. Three different test meals were given on 3 different days. We found that a high proportion of simple carbohydrates, when consumed as a low-protein meal, aggravated the postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. The substitution of complex carbohydrates for simple sugars in the meal suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
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