Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona:Clostridium baratiiandClostridium botulinum
Sarah LafuenteJ. NollaSylvia ValdezateCecilia TortajadaHernán VargasIgnasi ParrónJ. A. Sáez-NietoSamuel PortañaGema CarrascoE. MoguelSara SabatéRoger ArgelichJoan A. Caylà
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Abstract:
Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disorder that can be potentially life-threatening. In Barcelona, Spain, no outbreaks had been reported in the past 25 years. However, in September 2011, two outbreaks occurred involving two different families. A rare case of Clostridium baratii which produced a neurotoxin F outbreak was detected in five family members who had shared lunch, and several days before that another family was affected by C. botulinum toxin A which was probably present in homemade pâté.Keywords:
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Neurotoxin
Botulinum neurotoxin
An outbreak of human botulism was due to consumption of ham containing botulinum neurotoxins B and E. A Clostridium botulinum type E strain isolated from ham was assigned to a new subtype (E12) based on bont/E gene sequencing and belongs to a new multilocus sequence subtype, as analyzed by whole-genome sequencing.
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Multilocus sequence typing
Food poisoning
Food microbiology
Strain (injury)
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Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium are highly diverse. Clostridium botulinum could represent at least four different species of Clostridium. In addition, strains that do not produce botulinum neurotoxin are closely related to toxigenic strains, probably representing the same species. Although reclassification of these organisms has been proposed in the past, their species names have remained unchanged, mainly because of the premise that changing names of medically relevant organisms might cause confusion in the healthcare and scientific community. In this review, we discuss the possible unintended consequences of reclassifying botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium, which are of public health, medical, and biodefense interest.
Clostridium botulinum
Neurotoxin
Botulinum neurotoxin
Botulism
Confusion
Biodefense
Clostridiales
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Methods for the isolation of Clostridium botulinum from honey samples are described. A total of 9 of 90 honey samples were positive for C. botulinum; 6 of the positive samples had been fed to babies who developed infant botulism.
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
Isolation
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Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
Clostridia
Exotoxin
Neurotoxin
Isolation
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SUMMARY Botulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin. Human pathogenic neurotoxins of types A, B, E, and F are produced by a diverse group of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, including Clostridium botulinum groups I and II, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium baratii. The routine laboratory diagnostics of botulism is based on the detection of botulinum neurotoxin in the patient. Detection of toxin-producing clostridia in the patient and/or the vehicle confirms the diagnosis. The neurotoxin detection is based on the mouse lethality assay. Sensitive and rapid in vitro assays have been developed, but they have not yet been appropriately validated on clinical and food matrices. Culture methods for C. botulinum are poorly developed, and efficient isolation and identification tools are lacking. Molecular techniques targeted to the neurotoxin genes are ideal for the detection and identification of C. botulinum, but they do not detect biologically active neurotoxin and should not be used alone. Apart from rapid diagnosis, the laboratory diagnostics of botulism should aim at increasing our understanding of the epidemiology and prevention of the disease. Therefore, the toxin-producing organisms should be routinely isolated from the patient and the vehicle. The physiological group and genetic traits of the isolates should be determined.
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Neurotoxin
Botulinum neurotoxin
Clostridia
Clostridium butyricum
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Objective The polymerase chain reaction PCR was used as the basis for the development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic detection for organisms harboring botulinum neurotoxin type A gene. Methods Synthetic DNA primers were selected from nucleic acid sequence data for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A. The PCR was adjusted for optimal amplification of the target fragment. The sensitivity of the detection was determined with different concentrations of genomic DNA and strains from strains producing different botulinum neurotoxin types. Results As little as 10 pg of DNA approximately clostridial strains was detected. Other botulinum neurotoxin types were also detected by the PCR and they all showed negative. Conclusion The PCR system is specific and sensitive for the identification of botulinum neurotoxin type A.
Neurotoxin
Clostridium botulinum
Botulinum neurotoxin
genomic DNA
Botulism
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A rare strain of Clostridium botulinum subtype Ab was isolated from a canned macrobiotic food suspected of being linked to a fatal case of food-borne botulism. The strain was recovered and identified by conventional methods modified by the inclusion of a PCR assay (G. Franciosa, J.L. Ferreira, and C.L. Hatheway, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:1911-1917, 1994). The titers of neurotoxins produced by the strain were evaluated by a mouse bioassay.
Clostridium botulinum
Neurotoxin
Botulism
Botulinum neurotoxin
Strain (injury)
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Botulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused by botulinum neurotoxin,correct and rapid diagnosis is essential for therapy.This paper reviewed the current advance of the laboratory diagnostics of botulism including detection of botulinum neurotoxin,culture methods,molecular detection and genetic characterization of Clostridium botulinum.
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
Botulinum neurotoxin
Neurotoxin
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Botulism
Clostridia
Clostridium botulinum
Botulinum neurotoxin
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Citations (26)