Excited state refraction of C 70 /toluene studied by using 4 f coherent imaging system with phase object
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Dynamic nonlinearities of C70/toluene solution are measured and analysed by an improved picosecond time-resolved pump-probe system based on a nonlinear imaging technique with phase object. The photophysical parameters are determined by the five-level model, which is adopted to interpret the experimental data. The change of refraction index per unit density of the excited state obtained by a numerically simulation is a critical factor to determine the nonlinear behaviour of C70 in picosecond time regime.Fraction (chemistry)
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In this study, the photocatalytic decomposition characteristics of single toluene, toluene mixed with benzene, toluene mixed with acetone, and toluene mixed methyl mercaptan (MM) by UV reactor installed with $TiO_2$ -coated perforated plate were studied. The photocatalytic decomposition rate of single toluene, toluene mixed with benzene, toluene mixed with acetone, and toluene mixed with MM fitted well on Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetics equation. The maximum elimination capacity was obtained to be $628g/m^3{\cdot}d$ for single toluene, $499g/m^3{\cdot}d$ for toluene mixed with benzene, $318g/m^3{\cdot}d$ for toluene mixed with acetone, and $513g/m^3{\cdot}d$ for toluene mixed with MM, respectively. The negative effect in photocatalytic decomposition of toluene are found to be in the order of acetone>benzene>MM.
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Induction period
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Abstract Results have been obtained which show that the quantities of 2‐ and 3‐methylthiophens sulphonated in the two‐phase refining process of toluene increase almost linearly with rise in acid concentration. The 2‐isomer is sulphonated at a faster rate than the 3‐isomer. The loss of toluene, associated with a given removal of methylthiophens, can be reduced to a minimum by use of 92%—94% w/w sulphuric acid, but such a procedure would be inefficient in other respects.
Refining (metallurgy)
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Abstract Der Einfluß der Temp. auf den Anteil der Nebenprodukte beim Prozeß der Hydrodealkylierung von Toluol zu Benzol in Gegenwart eines Cr‐Al‐Katalysators wird untersucht.
Degree (music)
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Relaxation time studies are reported of toluene and the isotopic derivatives, toluene-αd3 and toluene-d5, between 20 K and their melting points. Mechanisms controlling the relaxation process, including the role of methyl group tunnelling at low temperatures, are discussed and restricting barrier heights calculated.
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Chlorophytum Phnom Penh and ivy were used to degrade various concentration of toluene and then the toluene content was detected by gas chromatography.The experiments show that the two plant species can degrade the toluene to some extent and the degradation capability will decrease with increasing the toluene content.Within the same period,the degradation rate of lower concentration(20 mg/m3)of toluene is higher than that of higher concentration(160 mg/m3).After 16 hours of reaction with chlorophytum Phnom Penh or ivy,the degradation rates of toluene(20 mg/m3)are 45.6% and 49.3%,respectively;however,the same values for toluene(160 mg/m3)are only 28.4% and 21.6%,respectively.
Degradation
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An experimental investigation of the gas-phase photooxidation of toluene-NO-air mixtures at sub-ppm concentrations has been carried out in a 6.9 m3, indoor smog chamber irradiated by blacklights. Measured parameters in the toluene-NO experiments included , NO, NO, NO, CO, SO toluene, and air temperature. The initial toluene concentration ranged from 225 ppb to 991 ppb and the initial concentration ratio of toluene/NO in ppbC/ppb was in the range of 5～20. It was found that the variation of gaseous species with irradiation time caused by the photooxidation of toluene-NO-air mixtures depended on the initial toluene concentration for similar concentration ratio of toluene/NO. The dependency of initial toluene concentration on the photooxidation of toluene-NO-air mixtures for toluene/NO=5～6 seemed to be opposite to that for toluene/NO=10～11. The arriving time at maximum ozone concentration depended on both initial toluene concentration and initial concentration ratio of toluene/NO. However, the maximum concentration of ozone formed by photooxidation depended only on the initial toluene concentration.luene concentration.
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Abstract A new method of general applicability for determining the percentage deuterium labeling in organic compounds is described. It uses the heights of ‘metastable peaks’ in the mass spectrum to determine the relative amounts of deuterated and undeuterated species. The method is illustrated by describing the analysis of mixtures of toluene‐ o ‐ d 1 and toluene, of toluene α‐ d 1 and toluene, and of toluene‐2,6‐ d 2 , toluene‐ o ‐ d 1 and toluene.
Metastability
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This study examined the photodecomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using TiO2 catalyst fabricated by the submerged arc nanoparticle synthesis system (SANSS). The TiO2 catalyst was employed to decompose gaseous toluene and compared with Degussa-P25 TiO2 in terms of decomposition efficiency. It was found that gaseous toluene exposed to UV irradiation produced intermediates that were even harder to decompose. After 60-min of photocomposition, Degussa-P25 TiO2 reduced the concentration of gaseous toluene to 8.18% while the concentration after decomposition by SANSS TiO2 catalyst dropped to 0.35%. The results show that TiO2 prepared by SANSS has great efficiency in decomposing both gaseous toluene and its intermediates.
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