Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Indirect Flight Muscle Development and Spring Emergence in Response to Temperature
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Abstract:
Overwintering rice water weevils, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, were held at different temperatures with and without food to determine the response of indirect flight muscle regeneration. Flight muscle regeneration has a temperature threshold of ca. 18°C. The rate of regeneration is greater at higher temperatures and when adults feed. Emergence of adult weevils from overwintering sites was monitored with sticky traps for 4 years near Stuttgart, Ark., and for 2 years near Crowley, La. The date adults emerged in the spring is closely related to springtime temperatures.Keywords:
Overwintering
Rice water
During late July 2020, a species of weevil in the genus Aclees (Curculionidae, Molytinae) was found on several fig farms in the Haenam-gun district of Jeonnam Province, Korea. The weevil was subsequently identified as Aclees taiwanensis Kono, 1933 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an exotic species, probably of subtropical and tropical Asian origin, that has also been introduced to Italy and France, where it is associated with severe damage to fig trees. This is the first report of an Aclees weevil in Korea.
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To determine whether the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus KUSCHEL, may repeat at least two generations in paddy fields in Kagoshima Prefecture, the age structure of the weevil and its infestation were surveyed in 1985 in Ibusuki City, by transplanting rice at 5 different times. Some of the first generation adults which had developed on early planted rice were confirmed to produce the second generation on rice transplanted from late June to early July.
Rice water
Transplanting
Rice weevil
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Rice water
Paddy field
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Optimising Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Monitoring Tool Design
Vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an economically important insect pest of horticultural crops. To identify an effective and reliable monitoring system for adult vine weevil, this study investigated the influence of colour, height and entrance position on the efficacy of a model monitoring tool using modified paper cups as refuges. Vine weevil preferences were determined by the number of individuals recorded within a refuge. When provided with a binary choice between black or white refuges, vine weevil adults showed a preference for black refuges. Vine weevils provided with a range of coloured refuges (blue, green, red and yellow) in addition to black and white refuges showed a preference for black and blue over the other colours and white refuges in group choice experiments. Refuge height and entrance position also influenced vine weevil behaviour with individuals exhibiting a preference for taller refuges and those with entrance openings around the refuge base. These results provide insights into refuge selection by adult vine weevils, which can be exploited to improve monitoring tool design. The importance of developing an effective monitoring tool for vine weevil adults as part of an integrated pest management programme is discussed.
Vine
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Three ages of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) eggs were exposed to repeated exposures of -15 and -20°C. Fresh-laid eggs were quite susceptible and 3- and 5day old eggs were relatively resistant to -15'C, but all ages of eggs showed considerable susceptibility to -20°C, with an average LT50 of 2.2 days. Comparison of this data with similar studies utilizing constant low temperature exposures showed the effect to be independent of temporal interruptions.
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During ecological investigations of the pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buchanan, in central Wisconsin sand plains, a weevil of similar appearance, but of different habits, was encountered. This weevil was identified tentatively as H. radicis with the available keys (Buchanan, 1934 and Finnegan, 1961), and in general fits the original morphological description of that species. However, differences in biological habits and morphology suggested that an undescribed species was involved (Millers, 1960 and Millers and Benjamin, 1961), and the taxonomic separation and description of the new species follows:
Collar
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The swimming behavior of the rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is unique in comparison to that of most other aquatic weevils. Propulsion during swimming is provided only by the mesothoracic legs. The legs are moved synchronously during protraction and retraction. The pro- and metathoracic legs serve as diving planes and provide stability. The average rice water weevil swimming speed was 1.53 (0.15 SE) cm per s with a range of 0.88 to 2.52 cm per s. Weevils averaged 5.67 (0.22 SE) strokes per s. The mode of swimming by L. oryzophilus differs from those described for Phytobious leucogaster (Marsham) (= Litodactylus leucogaster), P. comari (Herbst), Bagous cavifrons LeConte, B. americanus LeConte and B. limosus Gyllenhal. It also differs from descriptions of swimming for other aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Furthermore, L. oryzophilus swims below the surface and was observed at depths of 18.0 cm in the laboratory. This brings the modes of free swimming (exclusive of skating) to at least 3 by adult aquatic curculionids.
Rice water
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