Differential proteomic profile of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells from peri-pubertal testes of three different bovine breeds
Utkarsh Kumar TripathiMuhammad AslamShashank PandeySamiksha NayakShivani ChhillarA. SrinivasanT. K. MohantyPrashant KadamManmohan Singh ChauhanSavita YadavA. Kumaresan
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Sub-fertility is one of the most common problems observed in crossbred males, but the etiology remains unknown in most of the cases. Although proteomic differences in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma between breeds have been investigated, the possible differences at the sperm precursor cells and supporting/nourishing cells have not been studied. The present study reports the differential proteomic profile of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells in crossbred and purebred bulls. Testis was removed by unilateral castration of 12 peri-pubertal bulls (10 months age), four each from crossbred (Holstein Friesian × Tharparkar), exotic purebred [Holstein Friesian (HF)] and indigenous purebred [Tharparkar (TP)] bulls. Spermatogenic and Sertoli cells were isolated and subjected to proteomic analysis. Protein extracts from the Sertoli and spermatogenic cells of each breed were analyzed with 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and analyzed with Decyder™ software. Compared to HF, 26 protein spots were over expressed and 14 protein spots were under expressed in spermatogenic cells of crossbred bulls. Similarly, 7 protein spots were over expressed and 15 protein spots were under expressed in the spermatogenic cells of TP bulls compared to that of crossbred bulls. Out of 12 selected protein spots identified through mass spectrometry, Phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein was found to be over expressed in the spermatogenic cells of crossbred bulls compared to TP bulls. The protein, gamma actin was found to be over expressed in the Sertoli cells of HF bulls, whereas Speedy Protein-A was found to be over expressed in Sertoli cells of crossbred bulls. It may be concluded that certain proteomic level differences exist in sperm precursor cells and nourishing cells between breeds, which might be associated with differences in the fertility among these breeds.Keywords:
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The article presents the results of using the Berkshire breed in the introductory crossbreeding with the Belarusian Black-and-White breed. The resulting two-breed pedigree pigs of new genotypes were evaluated in terms of their own productivity and
underwent genetic testing for 12 STR-loci. It has been established that the use of the Berkshire breed reduces the prolificacy of the Belarusian Black-and-White sows by 0.8 heads. At the same time, the growth rate and viability of crossbred suckling piglets were high. Two-breed replacement young animals and their age-mates of the Belarusian Black-and-White breed had the same level of self-development. The ancestors of
four lines in the Belarusian Black-and-White breed were selected from the boars tested. A microsatellite analysis of purebred and crossbred animals was performed according to lineage affiliation. Private alleles were determined in animals of the created lines Azart 1796 and Abrus 239.
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Landrace, Duroc, Yorkshire, Pietrain, Hampshire and crossbred females were inseminated with liquid semen containing 5 × 109 spermatozoa in 50 ml glucose-milk extender one or two times during 1,883 estrous cycles. The semen was collected from 27 Landrace, 35 Duroc, 29 Yorkshire, 22 Minnesota No. 2, 14 Pietrain and seven Hampshire boars. Only semen exhibiting over 70% motile spermatozoa was used. This report includes data from one year's inseminations with purebred semen at the Taiwan Pig Research Institute. The data were analyzed for effect of breed, age of females and season of the year on fertility. The farrowing rates in crossbred and Landrace females (78.2 and 72.3%, respectively) were higher (P<.05) than for the other breeds (60.0 to 63.1%) except in Pietrain (68.8%). Inseminations with Landrace, Minnesota No. 2 and Duroc semen resulted in higher (P<.05) farrowing rates (74.3 to 71.3%) than Yorkshire semen (63.2%). Pietrain and Hampshire boars were not different from any of the other breeds. Regardless of breed, inseminations in females of the same breed as the boar resulted in lower (P<.05) farrowing rate (65.4%) than inseminations in purebred females of a different breed (70.7%) or crossbred females (78.2%). The number of pigs born alive per litter was affected by the breed of females but not the breed of males. Crossbred females produced significantly (P<.01) more live pigs per litter (9.51) than Landrace females (8.59). The latter breed farrowed more live pigs (P<.01) than the other breeds (6.80 to 8.02) with the exception of Pietrain (8.34). The correlation between conception rate and litter size for females was .66 between breeds. Within breeds the correlation was poor (.20). There was no significant effect due to age of the female with the age grouping used or to the season of the year on fertility.
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Breed-specific effects are observed when the same allele of a given genetic marker has a different effect depending on its breed origin, which results in different allele substitution effects across breeds. In such a case, single-breed breeding values may not be the most accurate predictors of crossbred performance. Our aim was to estimate the contribution of alleles from each parental breed to the genetic variance of traits that are measured in crossbred offspring, and to compare the prediction accuracies of estimated direct genomic values (DGV) from a traditional genomic selection model (GS) that are trained on purebred or crossbred data, with accuracies of DGV from a model that accounts for breed-specific effects (BS), trained on purebred or crossbred data. The final dataset was composed of 924 Large White, 924 Landrace and 924 two-way cross (F1) genotyped and phenotyped animals. The traits evaluated were litter size (LS) and gestation length (GL) in pigs.The genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance was higher than 0.88 for both LS and GL. For both traits, the additive genetic variance was larger for alleles inherited from the Large White breed compared to alleles inherited from the Landrace breed (0.74 and 0.56 for LS, and 0.42 and 0.40 for GL, respectively). The highest prediction accuracies of crossbred performance were obtained when training was done on crossbred data. For LS, prediction accuracies were the same for GS and BS DGV (0.23), while for GL, prediction accuracy for BS DGV was similar to the accuracy of GS DGV (0.53 and 0.52, respectively).In this study, training on crossbred data resulted in higher prediction accuracy than training on purebred data and evidence of breed-specific effects for LS and GL was demonstrated. However, when training was done on crossbred data, both GS and BS models resulted in similar prediction accuracies. In future studies, traits with a lower genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance should be included to further assess the value of the BS model in genomic predictions.
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The purpose of this work was to determine the efficiency of using crossbred rams(? Kalmyk fat-tailed + ? Dorper) for crossing with Stavropol breed ewes in order to obtain lamb meat. In order to carry out the research and production experiment, two groups of Stavropol breed ewes with 40 heads in each group were formed according to the paired comparison method. In late October – early November 2019, ewes from group 1 were inseminated with the sperm of Stavropol breed rams and ewes from group 2 were inseminated with the sperm of crossbred rams (? Kalmyk fat-tailed + ? Dorper). It was found that the conception rate of ewes from the 2nd experimental group was 2.5% higher than in the control group. 44 lambs were obtained from the ewes of the 2nd experimental group, which was 4 heads or 10% more than from the 1st control group. Crossbred lambshave increased growth and they are significantly superior to purebred herdmates of Stavropol breed in live weight at the age of five months by 3.3 kg (P> 0.999), at the age of six months by 4.2 kg (P> 0.999), and at the age of seven months by 5.1 kg (P> 0.999). The study of exterior traits indicates that crossbred animals have higher indices of format, chest, blockiness and massiveness, while purebred animals of Stavropol breed are distinguished by higher indices of long legs and overgrowth.
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The article presents the results of cross-breeding of mountain cattle with Russian polled breed. The growth and development of the crossbreed and purebred bull-calves of these breeds in the mountainous province of Dagestan have been studied in a comparative aspect. Efficiency of highland pastures use by crossbreed animals in comparison with pure-bred mountain peers has been established. The young cattle was grown according to the technology of meat cattle breeding “cow — calf”. In ablactation, the crossbred bull-calves had a living weight of 191.3 kg versus 159.3 kg in peers of mountain cattle. This figure was higher by 32.0 kg or 20.1% compared to purebred bull-calves of mountain cattle. At 12 months of age, the crossbred animals were also superior in living weight in comparison of young mountain cattle by 40.1 kg or 18.4%. According to this indicator, the advantage in crossbred animals at 15 months of age remained. The live mass of crossbred bull-calves at 18 months of age equaled to 399.5 kg against 332.6 kg of purebred mountain peers, the difference in favor of the former was 66.9 kg or 20.1%. Average daily growth of crossbreed bull-calves during the growing period was 122 grams or 20.8% higher. Young crossbred cattle had a clear advantage in terms of physique. Heavy carcasses with high slaughter yield were obtained from it. The conducted studies indicate the effectiveness of cross-breeding of mountain cattle with Russian polled breed in the mountainous province of Dagestan.
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Regulation of testicular insulin-like growth factor-I in pubertal growth hormone-deficient male rats
GH plays a major role in pubertal growth, effects mainly mediated by stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production by the liver. However, the role of GH in the regulation of pubertal onset, spermatogenesis and fertility is still under debate. GH and FSH have, in addition, been implicated in the regulation of IGF-I production by Sertoli cells in a number of studies, although conflicting results have been reported. The interpretation of studies using GH-deficient mutant mice has been complicated by the presence of additional defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of these animals. We have therefore used GH-deficient mutant male rats with no other documented hormonal deficiencies to study the effect of GH administration on somatic and testicular development, circulating and testicular IGF-I concentrations and testicular histology. Body weights in GH-deficient rats substituted with GH were not significantly different from untreated or GH-treated normal rats and were significantly higher than body weights in untreated dwarf rats. Similarly, circulating IGF-I concentrations in GH-treated GH-deficient rats were not significantly different from those in untreated or GH-treated normal rats but were significantly higher than circulating IGF-I concentrations in untreated dwarf rats. No differences in testicular IGF-I concentrations were observed in any of the groups studied. Testicular weights remained low in both untreated and GH-treated GH-deficient animals compared with control animals but spermatogenesis was qualitatively and quantitatively normal in all groups at the end of the observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Levakhin VI, Gorlov IF, Azhmuldinov EA, Levakhin YI, Duskaev GK, Zlobina EY, Karpenko EV. 2017. Change in physiological parameters of calves of various breeds under the transport and pre-slaughter stress. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 1-5. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the animal breed on the stress resistance of young cattle during the motor transportation. Six groups of animals were chosen for the experiment. The first group consisted of calves crossbred from dairy Black and White cows with Hereford bulls, the second – of calves crossbred from dairy cows of Bestuscheff breed with Hereford bulls, the third – of calves purebred of Simmental, the fourth – of calves purebred of Hereford, the fifth – of calves purebred of Aberdeen-Angus, and the sixth – of calves purebred of Limousine breed. The total length of transport was 180 km of highways and local roads. The route consisted of a 5-hour trip without a rest period. The greatest loss in the body weight was determined in the Limousine calves. The calves purebred of Hereford and Simmental breeds are more stress-resistant during the transporting and the pre-slaughter treatment.
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The breeding performance and subsequent productivity and progeny performance of 835 purebred and two-breed cross Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire females were analyzed to compare the productivity of purebred and crossbred females and the performance of two-breed and three-breed cross pigs. A total of 406 purebred and 429 crossbred females were saved for breeding with 148 purebred and 194 crossbred gilts slaughtered 30 days postbreeding. Litter productivity was measured on 193 two-breed and 199 three-breed cross litters. Growth and feed efficiency data included 1,246 two-breed and 1,599 three-breed cross barrows and gilts and carcass merit was evaluated on 252 two-breed and 261 three-breed cross barrows. Conception rate and ovulation rate of purebred and crossbred females were very similar. However, crossbred gilts slaughtered 30 days postbreeding had .71 ± .38 more embryos per gilt. These gilts were also 5.8 ± 1.4 days younger at 100 kg and 11.7 ± 2.1 days younger at breeding than purebred gilts. Crossbred females farrowed .93 ± .32 and weaned 1.24 ± .27 more pigs per litter than purebred females. Survival rate of three-breed cross pigs was significantly higher than two-breed crosses, both early in gestation and from birth to weaning. Total litter weight weaned was 19.6% heavier for crossbred females with three-breed cross litters than for purebred females with two-breed cross litters. There was very little difference between two-breed and three-breed cross pigs for growth rate, feed efficiency, probe backfat or carcass merit.
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Breed structures of Australian dairy herds over time were described for a large subset of milk-recording herds. The focus for this study was to describe the use of crossbreeding by dairy farmers, specifically proportions of herds using crossbreeding, whether they were using two-breed or three-breed crossbreeding systems, and how herd-breed structures changed over time. The most common breed structure in Australian milk-recording herds between 2000 and 2013 was two-breed crossbreeding (39% of herd-years). The next most common breed structure was purebred (35%). Over the period studied, the proportion of herds that were purebred decreased, while the proportion of herds that were crossbreeding increased (particularly three-breed crossbreeding herds). Herd-breed structures and changes over time varied with region and with the herd's calving system. There were also considerable changes in breed structure within herds, including herds changing breed structure before reverting back to their original breed structure. These results indicate that breed structures in milk-recording dairy herds in Australia are dynamic, and that farmers have commonly employed crossbreeding strategies.
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