Colorimetric Detection of Glucose in Rat Brain Using Gold Nanoparticles
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A gold-based assay: By taking advantage of the unique optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the cascade reactions of glucose, a simple but effective method has been successfully developed for the direct colorimetric visualization of glucose in the rat brain. GOD=glucose oxidase. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.Keywords:
Glucose oxidase
Gold standard (test)
Basis (linear algebra)
Separation (statistics)
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Abstract Stable multilayers of glucose oxidase were uniformly assembled on an Au electrode surface or a quarze slide by UV irradiation of ionic self-assembled multilayer films of diazo-resins (DAR) and glucose oxidase (GOx). By adopting this simple method, we achieved much greater control over the structure of the multilayer film, and we are able to analyze the catalytic responses of this GOx-modified electrode to glucose.
Glucose oxidase
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Component (thermodynamics)
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Component (thermodynamics)
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ABSTRACTA nonconventional gas centrifuge cascade, called the NFSW (no feed and single withdrawal) cascade, is studied in the separation of middle components by means of numerical simulation. The cascade has no feed and only a single withdrawal at either end of the cascade, different from conventional cascades, which usually have two withdrawals at the two ends of the cascade and one feed in between. The material to be separated is loaded in a reservoir at either end, and the desired component is enriched in either the reservoir or the withdrawal at the other end. The effects of the unit separation factor (equivalently, the cascade length) and the ratio of the upstreaming flow rate to the withdrawal rate are investigated on separation. The separation performance is evaluated in terms of the material recovery and the operation time efficiency, and is compared with those of the corresponding conventional cascades and another type of nonconventional cascade, the SW (single withdrawal) cascade. It is found that the NFSW cascade is superior to the conventional cascade and comparable in the material recovery with, but advantageous in the operation time efficiency over the SW cascade.Key Words:: Multicomponent isotope separationGas centrifuge cascadeNonstationary cascadeNumerical simulation
Centrifuge
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A linear turbine cascade experimental apparatus often consists of only a few cascade blades. Advantages to this arrangement are increased from using larger cascade blades and easier optical access. However, fewer cascade blades in the cascade row make it difficult to establish periodic flow conditions between blades. In this study, a 160% pitch passage for cascade experiments with a single blade is designed to satisfy infinite cascade flow conditions without any flow control or tailboards. Fourteen geometric design variables are applied to the design of a 160% pitch passage by using a gradient-based optimization method and a genetic algorithm. Flow structures within a passage designed with a genetic algorithm are closer to the infinite cascade flow conditions than those obtained with a gradient-based method. The results show that infinite cascade flow conditions can be obtained by modifying only the passage walls of the cascade experimental apparatus.
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Adaptive IIR filters implemented in cascade-form are attractive due to the ease with which their stability may be monitored. Four cascade-form structures are compared for use in adaptive filtering with respect to complexity of implementation, error surface geometry, and adaptation speed. The four structures include a cascade of second order pole/zero sections, a cascade of second order all-pole sections followed by a tapped delay line, and two new structures. The latter pair includes a tapped cascade, which is a cascade of second order all-pole sections whose output is constructed as a weighted combination of signals tapped from the cascade. The second new structure is a modification of the tapped cascade that yields orthogonal signals at the taps of the cascade. It is shown that the tapped cascade provides the best overall performance in the respects noted above.
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