DIALYSIS. PROTEIN-ENERGY WASTING, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
Sandrine LemoineThierry FournierGabriel KocevarA. BelloiDanielle IbarrolaDominique Sappey‐MarinierLaurent JuillardGeorge A. KaysenLen A. UsvyatAileen GrassmannDaniele MarcelliRoberto Pecoits–FilhoC. MarelliJ. P. KoomanFrank M. van der SandeYosef S. HavivAlbert PowerPeter KotankoM. MiglioriVincenzo CantaluppiDavide MedicaSabrina PaolettiVincenzo PanichiTakahiro KuraganoMana YahiroAritoshi KidaYasuyuki NagasawaYukiko HasuikeMasayoshi NanamiTakeshi NakanishiLiliana GârneaţăOana SlușanschiDiana DragomirAlexandra Corbu-StancuC. BarbulescuGabriel MircescuRoberto MinutoloSilvio BorrelliLuca De NicolaG. ConteNikolina Bašić‐JukićLea KatalinićEma IvandićKes PBojan JelakovićIlia BeberashviliInna SinuaniAda AzarGalina ShapiroLeonid FeldmanKobi StavJudith SandbankZhan AverbukhElena BruschettaMarco RighettiF. ColomboNicola PalmieriMario PrencipeO. BracchiFrancesca StefaniKaren AmarA ScaliaFerruccio ConteJaroslav RosenbergerMária MajerníkováViera KissovaZuzana StraussovaJán BoldizsárGabriela CoboCristina Di GioiaRosa CamachoConcepción García LacalleOrtega Marcos OIgnacio RodríguezCarmen MonM. OrtizAzael J. HerreroAniana OlietA. VigilPaloma GallarJohn KyriazisAnastasia MarkakiK. KourtesiMarialena KalymniouS. VougazianosPeriklis KyriazisKostas StylianouHiromasa TanakaShoji TsuneyoshiMariko SawaKiichiro FujisakiY. DaijoDan HristeaAdeline ParisGaëlle LefrançoisChristelle VolteauC SavoiuS. OzenneA. TestaStéphanie CoupelI. BerthoM. Le-GallJustine MagnardThomas DeschampsCristina-Stela CapusaIrina StoianC. BarbulescuC. SantimbreanDana DumitruGabriel MircescuShinya KatoBengt LindholmY. YuzawaPaul G. ShielsJ.-C. HwangMin JiangYanhua LuC.-T. WangTerry Ting-Yu ChiouY.-T. LeeErnest Hung Yu NgC.-T. LeeDorota KamińskaKatarzyna Kościelska−KasprzakP. ChudobaOktawia MazanowskaMarcelina ŻabińskaM. BanasikMaria BoratyńskaAgnieszka LepieszaKrzysztof KortaMarian KlingerTrudeke I. Struijk-WielingaF. NeelemaatT. SliekerM. I. KoolenPiet M. ter WeeP.J. WeijsK. TsuchidaD. HiroseJun MinakuchiS. KawashimaT. TomoJung Eun LeeGun Young YunH. Y. ChoiS. LeeW. KimIn-Young JoSung‐Kyu HaH. J. KimH. C. ParkM. MiglioriA. ScatenaVincenzo CantaluppiA. RosatiFrancesco PizzarelliVincenzo PanichiBomi ShinH. L. KimJae-Seung ChungSylwia MałgorzewiczM. ChmmielewskiAlicja Dębska‐ŚlizieńB RutkowskiM. KolesnykN. StepanovaL. KorolM. KulizkyiO. AbloginaL. MigalTakehiro TakahashiYoichiro KitajimaS. HiranoAlexander NakaHiroshi OgawaM. AonoYuji SatoK. HoppeK. SchwermerP. K YszJolanta KaczmarekE. BaumD SikorskaD. RadziszewskaMarcin SzkudlarekPaweł OlejniczakK. PawlaczykBengt LindholmA. OkoGalina Severova- AndreevskaL. TrajceskaS. GelevP. DzekovaG. SelimA. SikoleL. TrajceskaGalina Severova- AndreevskaIrena Rambabova BusletikS. GelevS KuzmanovskaP. Dzekova VidimiskiGjulsen SelimA. SikoleSilvio BorrelliEmanuele De SimoneSimona LaurinoWalter De SimoneElbis AhbapEkrem KaraTaner BaştürkTamer ŞakacıYener KoçTuncay ŞahutoğluCüneyt AkgölMustafa SevinçZuhal Atan UçarAbdülkadir ÜnsalMatthias GirndtRoman FiedlerPeter MartusMichael PawlakMarkus StorrTorsten BoehlerMarkus F. TemplinBogusz TrojanowiczCh. UlrichMarcus A. GlombKristin LiehrKristin WernerDaniel ZicklerRachel SchindlerKonstantin VishnevskiiРоман ГерасимчукAlexander ZemchenkovAna Rita MouraJ. MadureiraPablo AlijaJoão Carlos FernandesJSR OliveiraMaria del Mar Romero LopezM. FilgueirasLeonilde AmadoMaria do Sameiro-FariaV. MirandaMargarida VieiraA. Santos-SilvaElı́sio CostaWojciech ZałuskaEdyta Kotlińska-HasiecA. ZaluskaZ. RzeckiPrzemysław ZadoraW. Da̧browskiA. SikoleL. TrajceskaV. AmitovIrena Rambabova BusletikP. DzekovaG. SelimGalina Severova- AndreevskaS. GelevV. Aicardi SpalloniV. La MiliaSauro LonghiL. VoloL. Del VecchioG. PontorieroF. LocatelliFrancesco MartinoElisa ScalzottoV. CorradiFederico NalessoMaria Teresa ZanellaA. BrandolanA. JoseS. AbadA. VegaJ. RequeB. QuirogaJ. M. López‐GómezVicent Esteve SimóVerónica Duarte GallegoFátima Moreno GuzmanM. Fulquet NicolasMónica Pou PotauAlphons SoléJ.C. OliveiraManel Ramírez de Arellano SernaElbis AhbapEkrem KaraTaner BaştürkYener KoçTamer ŞakacıTuncay ŞahutoğluMustafa SevinçZuhal Atan UçarAbdülkadir ÜnsalAnouk TN van DiepenT. HoekstraRenée de MutsertJan RotmansMark de BoerM. SuttorpD. G. StruijkE. W. BoeschotenR. T. KredietFriedo W. DekkerKonstantina TrigkaKonstantinos ChouchoulisCinzia MussoMohan KazaA. MpimpiC. PipiliIlias KyritsisP. DouzdampanisElani StrejaSh. RezakhaniConnie M. RheeKamyar Kalantar‐ZadehElani StrejaMehul DoshiChoong Kyun RheeCsaba P. KövesdyHamid MoradiKamyar Kalantar‐ZadehM. A. DantasL. L. ResendeL. F. SilvaCarolina MatosGildete Barreto LopesACC LopesBojan KnapMiha ArnolJadranka Buturović‐PonikvarRafael PonikvarA. BrenMarta CodognottoPaola PiasentinFerruccio ConteMarco RighettiAlberto LimidoK. TsuchidaHiroyuki MichiwakiJun MinakuchiS. KawashimaT. TomoHenricus A. M. MutsaersJM JansenPetra H. van den BroekViviènne VerweijLambertus P. van den HeuvelJoost G. J. HoenderopRosalinde MasereeuwR. ClariElena MongilardiF. N. VigottiSalvatore ScognamiglioV ConsiglioMarta NazhaPaolo AvagninaG. PiccoliSeán J. CostelloeJill FreemanDavid KeaneElizabeth LindleyD ThompsonGurpawan KangI. H. LeeKeun Soo Ahn
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Wasting is one of the indicators of malnutrition known to contribute to the deaths occurring from childhood malnutrition. It is the measure of body mass in relation to body length used to explain recent nutritional status.This paper examines the determinants of wasting among under 5s in Ghana.Data were drawn from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey children's records file to examine the determinants of wasting among children. A total of 2720 children under 5 years with valid anthropometric data were used. Data on wasting were collected by measuring the weight and height of all children under 5 years of age. Bi-variate and multi-variate statistics are used to examine the determinants of wasting.The bi-variate analysis showed significant differences ( p < 0.001) in the prevalence of wasting among under 5s according to age of the child, region, and wealth status. On the other hand, the multi-variate analysis revealed that the odds of wasting were lower among children aged 24-35 months (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.37; p < 0.001), those from households of the middle wealth quintile (OR = 0.49, p < 0.05) and with health insurance (OR = 0.70; p < 0.10).Programmes and policies aimed at ensuring the survival of children during the first 24 months of life should be strengthened to reduce the risk of wasting among under 5s. Also, efforts should be made by the relevant government agencies and other stakeholders to strengthen the socio-economic status of mothers to enable them to provide adequate nutrition and improve access to health insurance for their children in order to reduce the incidence of wasting among these children.
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To the Editor: — Morley and colleagues1 have aptly reported the fatal effect of severe muscle wasting on a sick elderly man. However, nowhere in their paper is a statement suggesting that the lethal consequences of wasting are confined to sick elderly men with severe muscle wasting. Instead the authors imply that women are equally susceptible to death from wasting, and that mild degrees of wasting such as a 10% weight loss from an initially normal body size are themselves dangerous. Three prospective studies2-4 have shown that severe muscle wasting, as defined by corrected arm muscle area below 16.9 cm2, is lethal to sick elderly men. The latter study demonstrated that controls matched by age, sex, disease type and severity (as assessed by an expert panel) survived significantly longer than severely wasted cases. All three studies failed to uncover any lethal effect of wasting upon sick women. Although Morley and colleagues did not supply arm muscle measurements for their reported case, a man of that height (170 cm) and weight (40 kg) would almost certainly have corrected arm muscle area below 16.9 cm2, the cutoff for lethal wasting in sick old men. Perhaps the author could report his arm anthropometric values? Paul J. Friedman, MD, FRACP Chairman of Geriatric Department Waikato Hospital Hamilton, New Zealand
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