Intracellular Distribution of Free Amino Acids between the Vacuolar and Extravacuolar Compartments in Internodal Cells of Chara australis
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Journal Article Intracellular Distribution of Free Amino Acids between the Vacuolar and Extravacuolar Compartments in Internodal Cells of Chara australis Get access Katsuhiro Sakano, Katsuhiro Sakano Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of TokyoHongo, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masashi Tazawa Masashi Tazawa Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of TokyoHongo, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 25, Issue 8, December 1984, Pages 1477–1486, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076860 Published: 01 December 1984 Article history Received: 07 June 1984 Accepted: 11 September 1984 Published: 01 December 1984Keywords:
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Euphorbia motuogensis M. T. Li, X. Z. Lan, H. P. Deng & W. L. Zheng, sp. nov., a new species from Motuo, Tibet, China, is described and illustrated here. It is closely similar to Euphorbia sikkimensis in having terete root, alternate leaves, well-developed pseudoumbellate inflorescence, cyathium, smooth and glaborus capsule, but Euphorbia motuogensis is clealy distinguishable by its pilose stems, involucral leaves color, secondary involucral leaves absent, cyathophylls number and color, and five similar glands. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses of sequences from both nuclear ribosomal ITS confirm that this species is distinct from morphologically similar species in this subgenus.
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In a soil bioassay, adult Deroceras reticulatum (Stylommatophora: Limacidae) and three different weight-classes of young Arion lusitanicus (Stylommatophora: Arionidae) were exposed to a single dosage (170 dauer larvae per g of soil) of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita monoxenically associated with the bacterium Moraxella osloensis. Groups of 10 slugs were continuously exposed to nematodes for 4 days, and then transferred individually to Petri-dishes containing a disc of Chinese cabbage as food. Food consumption—measured by image analysis—and slug mortality were recorded daily for 10 days. Food consumption was inhibited in both slug species tested. D. reticulatum stopped feeding 6 days after the start of nematode treatment, while all A. lusitanicus continued to feed. However, in the three weight-classes of A. lusitanicus (0.15 g, 0.24 g, 0.45 g), food consumption was reduced by at least 50 %. The greatest reduction in feeding, nearly 90 %, was noted in the smallest A. lusitanicus. The nematodes successfully killed D. reticulatum but were less efficient at killing young A. lusitanicus. At the end of the experiment, mortality was highest in D. reticultatum (98 %) and the smallest weight-class of A. lusitanicus (47 %). There was almost no mortality in the largest weight-class of A. lusitanicus treated with nematodes. P. hermaphrodita associated with M. osloensis can thus be considered as a biological control agent for young stages of A. lusitanicus for its effect as a feeding inhibitor, rather than for its ability to kill the slugs.
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In response to DNA damage, p53 undergoes post-translational modifications (including acetylation) that are critical for its transcriptional activity. However, the mechanism by which p53 acetylation is regulated is still unclear. Here, we describe an essential role for HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3)/Scythe in controlling the acetylation of p53 required for DNA damage responses. Depletion of Bat3 from human and mouse cells markedly impairs p53-mediated transactivation of its target genes Puma and p21 . Although DNA damage-induced phosphorylation, stabilization, and nuclear accumulation of p53 are not significantly affected by Bat3 depletion, p53 acetylation is almost completely abolished. Bat3 forms a complex with p300, and an increased amount of Bat3 enhances the recruitment of p53 to p300 and facilitates subsequent p53 acetylation. In contrast, Bat3-depleted cells show reduced p53–p300 complex formation and decreased p53 acetylation. Furthermore, consistent with our in vitro findings, thymocytes from Bat3-deficient mice exhibit reduced induction of puma and p21, and are resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis in vivo. Our data indicate that Bat3 is a novel and essential regulator of p53-mediated responses to genotoxic stress, and that Bat3 controls DNA damage-induced acetylation of p53.
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Stoneworts are a conserved group within green algae which usually inhabit in submerged conditions of slow running and standing water. Charales is a difficult taxonomical group regarding species identification. This paper records 13 species of charophytes within three genera found in about eighty localities from Iran. The taxa Chara connivens, C. contraria, C. crassicaulis, C. fibrosa, C. grovesii, C. gymnophylla (two varieties C. gymnophylla var. gymnophylla and C. gymnophylla var. rohlenae), C. kirghisorum, C. pedunculata, C. socotrensioides, C. tomentosa, C. vulgaris (C. vulgaris var. longibracteata and C. vulgaris var. vulgaris), Nitella hyalina and Tolypella glomerata were studied, including vegetative and oospore characteristics of them. C. vulgaris and C. gymnophylla, are the most common species. The species C. kohrangiana is proposed as a new monoecious species characterized by stipulodes developed in one row, anterior and posterior bract-cells, ecorticate branchlets and diplostichous incomplete axial cortex. C. kohrangiana belongs to subgenus Charopsis section Agardhia subsection Agardhia.
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Plant reproductive morphology
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European paddy fields harbour a morphologically and genetically unusual charophyte that is distant from any other European species. The new species, Chara oryzae from Mediterranean rice fields, was described using an integrated approach, including scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetics. The combination of monoecy, a triplostichous stem cortex with solitary spine cells, haplostephanous stipulodes, abbreviated branchlet segments with their mostly incomplete diplostichous cortication, and long undifferentiated part of a branchlet distinguish C. oryzae from other Chara species described to date. A unique set of phenotypic characteristics and lack of affinity to Chara sections and subsections prompted us to accommodate the species in a new section Corillionia of the subgenus Chara. C. oryzae could be recognized as a species non-native to Europe because it is known only in rice fields, which have been maintained for centuries in the region studied.HIGHLIGHTS• European paddy fields harbour a charophyte with unusual morphology and genotype distant from any European species.• A new species, Chara oryzae, is described using an integrated approach.• A new section, Corillionia, of the subgenus Chara is proposed.
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The Charales, commonly known as stoneworts, are a group of highly complex green algae that comprise one extant family (Characeae) with six genera. The aim of this study was to collect Charophytes in eastern and north of Iran and check the distribution maps of species in Iran. Samples were collected from 103 localities and 7 species have been determined with Chara braunii Gm., Chara globata Mig. and Lamprothamnium papulosum (Wallr.) J. Gr. recorded for the first time in Iran. Although Chara vulgaris and Chara gymnophylla were reported as widespread in north and eastern Iran, specimens of Chara vulgaris were collected in a wide variety of habitats from most of the provinces rendering this taxa the most abundant Charophytes in Iran (88 populations). Other species were restricted to few locations: Chara braunii, a cosmopolitan species, was limited to two locations in north Iran. Chara globata was found in a single location (Targhrud Lake). Most specimens of Chara contraria and Chara connivens were collected from South West Iran (260–350 m elevation). Lamprothamnium papulosum, a rather uncommon species in Asia, was found in a single lake with marine water characteristics in northeast Iran.
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(2020). Charophytes in warm springs on Svalbard (Spitsbergen): DNA barcoding identifies Chara aspera and Chara canescens with unusual morphological traits. Botany Letters: Vol. 167, No. 2, pp. 179-186.
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HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was originally identified as one of the genes located within human major histocompatibility complex. It encodes a large proline-rich protein with unknown function. In this study, we found that a fragment of the BAT3 gene product interacts with a candidate tumor suppressor, DAN, in the yeast-based two-hybrid system. We cloned the full-length rat BAT3 cDNA from a fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library. Our sequence analysis has demonstrated that rat BAT3 cDNA is 3617 nucleotides in length and encodes a full-length BAT3 (1098 amino acids) with an estimated molecular mass of 114,801 daltons, which displays an 87.4% identity with human BAT3. The deletion experiment revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-80) of DAN was required for the interaction with BAT3. Green fluorescent protein-tagged BAT3 was largely localized in the cytoplasm of COS cells. Northern hybridization showed that BAT3 mRNA was expressed in all the adult rat tissues examined but predominantly in testis. In addition, the level of BAT3 mRNA expression was more downregulated in some of the transformed cells, including v-mos- and v-Ha-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells, than in the parental cells.
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SUMMARY A hitherto unrecorded virus having flexible rod‐shaped particles about 740–760 × 13 nm was isolated from Anthoxanthum odoratwn L. It was transmitted by sap inoculation, but not by several species of insect, seed or soil to 18 species of Gramineae including wheat, oats and barley. In susceptible species the virus normally produced a mosaic mottling of the leaves which was sometimes followed by a necrotic streaking or striping.
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