A Pilot Study on the Effects of Almond Consumption on DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Smokers
Xudong JiaNing LiWenzhong ZhangXiaopeng ZhangKaren LapsleyGuangwei HuangJeffrey B. BlumbergGuansheng MaJunshi Chen
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Abstract Abstract: The effects of almond consumption on DNA damage and oxidative stress among cigarette smokers were studied. Thirty healthy adult male regular smokers were randomly divided into three groups, 10 subjects per group. Group A (control group) did not receive any almonds. Subjects in Groups B and C received 3 oz and 6 oz (84 g and 168 g) of almonds each day respectively for 4 wk. Two known biomarkers for DNA damage, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and single strand DNA breaks of peripheral blood lymphocytes, were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and comet assay, respectively. In addition, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured as biomarkers for oxidative stress. The results showed lower levels of urinary 8-OH-dG and single strand DNA breaks in the two almond-treated groups as compared with the control group. Furthermore, MDA levels in the almond-treated groups were lower than the controls. However, no significant effects of almonds on SOD and GSH-Px activities were found. In conclusion, results from this pilot study indicate that almond consumption has preventive effects on oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by smoking. A larger, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on almonds will be initiated in the near future.Keywords:
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We measured the contents of plasma MDA and erythrocyte SOD activities in patients with chronic cor pulmonale. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased; the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities suppressed significantly and reoxygenation caused increases in the SOD activities in patients with acute attacks. But the changes of the contents of MDA and SOD activities did not appear in patients with stationary phase. These results indicate that oxygen free radicals may contribute to the physiopathological process of chronic cor pulmonale.
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Objective To study the effects of low dose rate netron exposure on the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA).Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into the experimental and the control groups. Rats in the experimental group were exposed to 252Cf neutron at 0.35 mGy/h for 20.5 hours. On the 28th, 42nd, 56th, and 70th days during exposure and also 35 days after exposure, 8 rats were chosen from each group and the serum samples were collected to measure the activity of SOD and the content of MDA by colorimetric method.Results When compared with the control group[(94.19±11.94)×103 U/L]on the same day, the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the experimental group with an accumulated low dose rate of 0.3 Gy[(68.75±8.07)×103 U/L] decreased evidently (P 0.05). And there was also statistical difference in the contents of MDA at any check points, when a comparison was made between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Our study indicated that prolonged exposure to low dose rate neutron (0.35 mGy/h) had no significant effects on the activity of serum SOD and the content of serum MDA in rats.
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Neutron; Low dose rate; Rats; Superoxide dismutase; Malondialdehyde
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OBJECTIVE To study the effects of free radicals and its clinical significance on acute lung infection. ?METHODS?The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of serum in 28 cases of acute lung infection were determined.?RESULTS?The activities of SOD and content of MDA in acute lung infection were significantly higher than that of control group.?CONCLUSION? The free radicals have effects of killing the bacterium for acute lung infection, but could also injured the body.
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Objective: Exposure to electronic cigarette smoke causes an increase of free radicals. Physiologically, the body produces antioxidant superoxide dismutase to neutralize the free radicals. However, an excessive increase of the free radicals will result in an imbalance between the amount of free radicals and antioxidants. The free radicals in the body can trigger lipid peroxidation so that it will result in oxidative stress causing cell damage. Malondialdehyde increase is a marker of oxidative stress in the body. The aim of this research is to understand the changes and the relationship between levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the blood due to exposure to electronic cigarette smoke.
Methods: This research is an experimental study using male Wistar rats as experimental animal models. In the study, the exposure to electronic cigarette smoke with different duration of administration was carried out. Next, blood samples were taken to check the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde.
Results: The results showed a difference in antioxidant levels between antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Meanwhile the relationship between the two groups showed a strong (r = 0.893) and significant (p = 0.000) relationship.
Conclusion: The exposure to electronic cigarette smoke can reduce the level of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and increase the level of malondialdehyde in blood. In addition, changes in the levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde had a strong and significant relationship.
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A possible link between superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level with the clinical manifestations of rosacea was investigated. We found differences in superoxide dismutase activities between mild rosacea (stages I and II) and severe involvement (stage III) groups, as well as between disease and control groups that were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the mild involvement group (stages I and II), the superoxide dismutase activity was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde levels did not differ from the control. In the severe involvement group (stage III), the superoxide dismutase activity was lower than in the control group (P < 0.05), and this was coupled to a raised level of malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). These findings clearly show that in the mild involvement phase of rosacea patients, superoxide dismutase activity was stimulated to protect the skin against reactive oxygen species so that the malondialdehyde levels were maintained. In contrast, in more severe disease, due to a decrease in the capacity of the antioxidant defence system, the malondialdehyde levels were increased. These findings support the 'antioxidant system defect hypothesis' in rosacea patients.
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In order to study the physiological and biochemical changes of Astragalus membranaceus in the process of root rot,Astragalus membranaceus is induced by being inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum artificially under the experimental conditions,and the changes of 5 indixes including peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),soluble protein and malondialdehyde(MDA) are measured every seven days during the process.The results show that when the healthy Astragalus membranaceus become rotten gradually,the activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased first but decrease afterwards,and the activities of SOD and CAT peak within 7 days while the activity of POD peak within 14 days;the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) peak within 14 days and gradually decrease when the time for treating is prolonged;and the tendency of the content of soluble protain is similar to that of the content of malondialdehyde(MDA).
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The reactive oxygen species, the highly reactive metabolites of oxygen, play a crucial role in both the normal function and the metabolism of sperm cells. Oxygen radicals achieve their physiological effects in the cells only if there is a proper balance between their production and degradation. In case of radicals' production exceeding the antioxidant capacity of the semen, there is an oxidative damage of the membrane lipids and proteins as well as the DNA damage followed by the fragmentation and decondensation of DNA. The ejaculates were obtained from seventy-seven infertile and fertile healthy individuals. The semen samples were collected and classified according to the WHO criteria. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde were measured spectrophotometrically. The fertile, healthy donors showed the significantly higher activities of both superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the lower concentration of malondialdehyde compared to the infertile donors. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the HOS test, correlated positively with the sperm cell number, but negatively with the concentration of malondialdehyde. The activity of superoxide dismutase and the concentration of malondialdehyde were highest in the group of patients with the lowest success of the HOS test. The assessment of the antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in addition to the semen analysis and the HOS test may be greatly useful in diagnosing infertility in men having oxidative stress in their etiology.
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JS-118 is an extensively used insecticide in China. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of JS-118 on whole blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h by using alkaline comet assay. Male Kunming mice were given 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of JS-118 intraperitoneally. A statistically significant increase in all comet parameters indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h post-treatment ( p < 0.05). A clear concentration-dependent increase of DNA damage was revealed as evident by the OTM (arbitrary units), tail length (µm) and tail DNA (%). From 48 h post-treatment, a gradual decrease in mean comet parameters was noted. By 96 h of post-treatment, the mean comet tail length reached control levels indicating repair of damaged DNA. This study on mice showed different DNA damage depending on the concentration of JS-118 and the period of treatment. The present study provided further information of the potential risk of the genetic damage caused by JS-118.
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Juvenile ofparalichthys olivaceus under short time exposure to different ammonia concentrations were used to study the effects of ammonis on the activety of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver of the fish.The results indicated that SOD activeties were activated to significant level at higher concentrations or with the delay of exposure time under the condition of this experiment,as compared with control,but no changes were observed in MD contents in liver with ammonia exposure.
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