Increased concentrations of proteoglycan components in the synovial fluids of patients with acute but not chronic joint disease.
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Abstract:
Synovial fluid samples (139) from 121 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, pseudogout, chronic pyrophosphate arthritis, gout, and reactive arthritis were analysed for cartilage proteoglycan components. Keratan sulphate (KS) epitope was determined by a competitive radioimmunoassay, and total sulphated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) were determined after papain digestion by a specific dye binding assay. Increased concentration of both KS epitope and S-GAG were found in synovial fluid from joints with acute inflammatory arthropathy (gout, pseudogout, and reactive arthritis). Analysis of consecutive samples from the same joint at different stages showed that the concentration of KS epitope or total S-GAG varied with acute inflammatory activity. In samples from patients with chronic conditions during active and inactive inflammatory phases concentrations were much lower and not distinguishable among these disease groups. The detection of raised concentration of proteoglycan components may reflect the rapid depletion or greatly increased turnover of proteoglycan in the articular cartilage during acute inflammation in the joint. This did not appear to be sustained in most patients with chronic joint diseases.Keywords:
Keratan sulfate
Arthropathy
Chondrocalcinosis
Inflammatory arthritis
Proteoglycans were isolated from either grossly normal or atherosclerotic pigeon aortas after extraction with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and purification by ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The small-size proteoglycans (Kav 0.4, on Sepharose CL-4B) from both normal and atherosclerotic tissue contained primarily a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan with an intact molecular size of 220-330 kd and a 45-kd core protein. In addition to the dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, the preparation contained a proteoglycan recognized by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5-D-4, indicating the presence of sulfated poly-N-acetyllactosamine sequences common to corneal and cartilage keratan sulfate. Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed a polydisperse proteoglycan of 60-150 kd that was recognized by MAb 5-D-4. Significantly greater immunoreactivity with MAb 5-D-4 was observed for atherosclerotic compared with normal artery. After endo-beta-D-galactosidase treatment of the proteoglycan from atherosclerotic aorta, diminished MAb 5-D-4 reactivity observed by both Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the material was keratan sulfate. Endo-beta-D-galactosidase treatment of the intact proteoglycan generated core proteins of 28 and 38 kd. These studies suggest the presence of one or more keratan sulfate proteoglycans in grossly normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Immunochemical data suggest that sulfation of the keratan sulfate proteoglycan may be greater in atherosclerotic aorta.
Keratan sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Biglycan
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Journal Article Immunohistochemical Analysis of Proteoglycan Biosynthesis during Early Development of the Chicken Cornea Get access Ikuko Takahashi, Ikuko Takahashi Section of Radiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Youko Nakamura, Youko Nakamura Section of Radiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yuri Hamada, Yuri Hamada Section of Radiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kiyoshi Nakazawa Kiyoshi Nakazawa 2 Section of Radiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503 2To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: -81-52-832-1781 (Ext. 320), Fax: -81-52-834-8780, E-mail: nakazawa@meijo-u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 126, Issue 5, November 1999, Pages 804–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022520 Published: 01 November 1999 Article history Received: 13 July 1999 Accepted: 09 August 1999 Published: 01 November 1999
Keratan sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
Perlecan
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We evaluated musculoskeletal complaints related to arthropathy in 28 patients with end stage renal failure receiving maintenance dialysis. Twenty-three of 28 patients had arthritic complaints and 14 had an arthropathy. Six of 14 patients with arthropathy had a pattern resembling calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition (CPPD) disease, 4 patients had moderately severe osteoarthritis, 3 had calcific periarthritis, and 1 patient had acute arthritis with intermittent pain and swelling. Factors which predispose to metabolic arthropathies were observed as follows: 29% elevated ferritin; 39% history of hyperparathyroidism; 68% elevated parathormone; 54% hyperphosphatemia; 36% hypercalcemia, 29% HLA haplotypes A3, B7, or B14; and 60% hyperaluminemia. The arthropathy group had more abnormalities per patient (mean 3.6) than the group without arthropathy (mean 2.7) (p less than 0.05). Our data suggest that (1) arthritic complaints occur frequently in patients receiving dialysis; (2) arthropathy accounted for 61% of the complaints; (3) 43% of patients with arthropathy had CPPD-type; (4) renal osteodystrophy caused 17% of arthritic complaints; and (5) in patients receiving dialysis, there is a high incidence of metabolic abnormalities that are known to be associated with arthropathy.
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Chondrocalcinosis
Osteodystrophy
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One hundred and four consecutive patients with pyrophosphate arthropathy were followed prospectively and re-studied at a mean of 4.6 years. Sixty-four patients (43F, 21M; mean age at review 71.2 years) completed the study (24 died of unrelated disease, 16 were unavailable for review). The knee had been the major presenting joint in 91%. Symptoms were improved in 41%, unchanged in 33% and had worsened in only 27%: 27% developed symptoms in new joints. Radiographic changes of arthropathy were unaltered in 50%: although 'worsening' of previously involved joints was seen in 16%, the most common change was increase in osteophyte with bone remodelling (31%). Despite dynamic changes in chondrocalcinosis in most patients (77%) there was no correlation between extent of calcification and progression of arthropathy. It is concluded that the outcome of pyrophosphate arthropathy is not necessarily progressive, patients presenting with acute attacks alone do particularly well.
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Arthropathy
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We reviewed the clinical and radiographic features of arthropathy in 25 subjects with hemochromatosis, 16 probands and 9 discovered homozygous relatives. Clinical arthritis was present in 15/16 probands and 1/9 discovered homozygotes (p < 0.005). Radiologic evidence of arthropathy was seen additionally in 2 asymptomatic discovered homozygotes. The metacarpophalangeal joints and wrists were most commonly involved; severe hip disease occurred in 6. Patients with clinical or radiologic arthropathy were older than patients without. Arthropathy occurred in all 4 female probands, but in none of the 3 female discovered homozygotes. Chondrocalcinosis was seen in 9 subjects but was usually asymptomatic. The arthritis of hemochromatosis may be difficult to differentiate from several other joint diseases, especially calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease.
Chondrocalcinosis
Arthropathy
Proband
Hereditary hemochromatosis
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Monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines were derived from BALB/c mice immunized with a testicular hyaluronidase digest of tryptic fragments of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan. Sera and hybridoma culture supernatants were screened by solid-phase immunoassay for reactivity against a chondroitinase ABC digest of the same proteoglycan fragment fraction. Antibody specificity was determined by competitive inhibition with purified proteoglycan fragment subfractions and their enzymatically modified derivatives. Two monoclonal antibodies were produced which reacted with keratan sulfate-rich fragments from bovine nasal and human articular cartilage proteoglycan. One, monoclonal LC8.13, is directed against keratan sulfate itself, but differs from 5-D-4, a previously described monoclonal antibody to keratan sulfate, in its lesser reactivity with keratanase-treated fragments. The second, monoclonal F1.2, appears to be directed against a conformation-dependent determinant on the core protein of this segment of the cartilage proteoglycan monomer. Monoclonal F1.2 does not react with the keratan sulfate species in human and fetal calf serum and can therefore detect the production of keratan sulfate-bearing proteoglycan by chondrocytes cultured in serumcontaining media.
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Nasal cartilages
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To determine whether trapezioscaphoid (TS) joint alterations are associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease and, if so, to determine the nature of these alterations.Radiographs of 160 wrists with evidence of chondrocalcinosis were evaluated with regard to TS joint abnormalities, and findings were compared with a similar number of radiographs in an age and sex matched control population in whom no evidence of chondrocalcinosis or other calcification in the wrist was seen. Two radiologists in consensus recorded radiographic findings in both groups, and a third radiologist blinded to the presence or absence of chondrocalcinosis reviewed wrist radiographs in both groups in a random order. Correlation of TS joint abnormalities with other changes in the wrist was also accomplished. RESULTS; TS arthropathy was found in 43.7% of CPPD wrists and in 14.4% of control wrists in the consensus evaluation. In the blind evaluation, 30% of CPPD wrists and 12.5% of control wrists had TS arthropathy. The degree of arthropathy was more extensive in the CPPD group than in the control group. Features associated with TS arthropathy in the patient population were first carpometacarpal arthropathy and subchondral cysts in the scaphoid or trapezium, or both bones.CPPD patients, compared to a control population, reveal frequent and significant radiographic abnormalities of the TS joint that may be suggestive of the diagnosis, even in patients in whom chondrocalcinosis is obscured or absent. The features associated with TS arthropathy are first carpometacarpal arthropathy and subchondral cysts in the scaphoid and trapezium.
Chondrocalcinosis
Arthropathy
Scaphoid bone
Radiologic sign
Carpal bones
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A destructive arthropathy is much more common when generalized osteoarthritis (GOA) and articular chondrocalcinosis (ACC) coexist than in GOA alone. Fifty-two patients with GOA and ACC were compared to a matched control group with GOA alone. A marked increase in the frequency of a destructive arthropathy was found in the group with both GOA and ACC. Nonweight-bearing joints were often involved in the group with GOA and ACC, whereas they were seldom involved in the group with GOA alone.
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Arthropathy
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Keratan sulfate
Aggrecan
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
Chondroitin
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ABSTRAGT: A case of Chondrocalcinosis with unusually severe destruction of the ankle joint, as well as erosions in the knees, hands and shoulders, is presented. The role of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in destructive arthropathy is discussed, with the recommendation that in cases of chondrocalcinosis with destructive arthropathy, examination for conditions leading to deposit of CPPD crystals should be considered.
Chondrocalcinosis
Arthropathy
Pseudogout
Chondropathy
Calcium pyrophosphate
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