Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of Stratigraphic Framework of an Anderson Coal Deposit, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: ABSTRACT
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The Big George coal bed, 30 mi (48 km) west of Gillette, Wyoming, is the thickest part of a large Anderson coal deposit. The coal resources of this central core, essentially a single bed of coal up to 202 ft (62 m) thick, End_Page 859------------------------------ were previously estimated at 113 billion short tons. This deposit is in the Paleocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation; overburden ranges from 700 to 2,400 ft (213 to 732 m). The Big George bed was initially outlined using geophysical logs from nearly 300 oil and gas drill holes. More logs were studied in the northern portion of Big George and as far north as the Montana state line to examine the entire system of coal beds that includes this thick bed. We interpreted geophysical logs primarily for coal and sandstone, digitized lithologic intervals, and generated strip logs of lithologic sequences using a microcomputer. These computer-generated logs were generated in lines of sections, on matching elevations, to reconstruct the stratigraphic framework of subsurface coal in this part of the Powder River basin. The framework was used to trace the interval containing the Anderson deposit into the Decker, Montana, and Recluse, Wyoming, areas. This interval appears to be confined by the Smith coal bed above; the bottom of the interval is less well defined. Lithologic patterns of the framework suggest that a major fluvial channel system defined part of the northwestern boundary of the Big George coal bed. The locations of these channels may have been controlled primarily by Laramide deformation in the Powder River basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 860------------The paper analyzed the general development tendency of the coal chemical industry and systematically analyzed the two key development areas of the coal chemical industry, including the coal based chemical material and new coal based chemical fuel. An industrial chain analysis method was applied to analyze the three branches of coal based plastic, coal based fiber and coal based rubber in the coal based chemical material industry. The paper well analyzed the development potential of each coal based liquid chemical fuel and the coal based gas chemical fuel and provided the development key points of the coal based chemical fuel and the main problems to be solved. The paper analyzed and calculated the coal consumption and the consumption structure of the coal chemical industry in the year of 2012. The paper not only calculated the total coal consumption of the coal chemical industry, but according to the different coal chemical products and different production technique, calculated the coal consumption of each coal type. According to the prediction on the coal chemical product development in the year of 2020 and prediction on the production technique variation, the total coal consumption of coal chemical industry on the year of 2020 and the coal consumption of each coal type were calculated.
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The south basin of the South Yellow Sea basin is an extension of lower Yangtze platform to the northeast.The south basin is very similar to the Subei basin in regional structure and geological characteristics of oil and gas.Successful exploitation of Zhujiadun gas field in Subei basin provides experience for explorations in the south basin.The authors compared reservoir conditions of south basin with the Zhujiadun gas field based on analysis of reservoir characteristics in Zhujiadun gas field and found they were very alike.The authors concluded that south basin of the South Yellow Sea basin possesses good exploration prospect,the gas fields have ancient generation and young accumulation,and the target is the belt of deep depression on the side of large fault.
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Clean coal
Fraction (chemistry)
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Solar still
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A study was undertaken for developing rainfall scenarios using the ensemble of all 16 different Global Climate Model outputs for A1b scenario for mid (2040-2069) and end (2070-2099) century. For the analysis, the entire Cauvery basin was demarcated into five smaller basins viz., Basin 1 (Upper Cauvery upto Mettur reservoir), Basin 2 (Bhavani basin from Mettur to Upper Anicut), Basin 3 (Amaravathy basin), Basin 4 (Upper Anicut to Grand Anicut) and Basin 5 (Downstream of Grand Anicut, including lower Anicut and the delta region). From the 16 Global Climate Model ensemble outputs, rainfall in the mid century is expected to increase in the SWM months starting from May through December in the order of 1 to 36% (Basin 1), 3 to 21% (Basin 2), 1 to 17% (Basin 3), 3 to 22% (Basin 4) and 4 to 22% (Basin 5). The same trend is expected in the end century with different magnitude. The South West Monsoon (JJAS) and post-monsoon rainfall (ONDJ) is expected to increase towards mid and end century whereas not much change is expected in the pre-monsoon rainfall in the future. Annual rainfall is expected to be 21, 11 and 7% more during mid century compared to the baseline (1981-2000) in the upper Cauvery (Basin 1), mid Cauvery (Basin 2, 3 and 4) and delta region (Basin 5) respectively. The rainfall would be higher by 33, 15 and 10% than the current quantity in the upper Cauvery, mid Cauvery and delta region respectively during end century. These results could contribute to the development of policies for future agricultural water management.
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A study was undertaken for developing rainfall scenarios using the ensemble of all 16 different Global Climate Model outputs for A1b scenario for mid (2040–2069) and end (2070–2099) century. For the analysis, the entire Cauvery basin was demarcated into five smaller basins viz., Basin 1 (Upper Cauvery upto Mettur reservoir), Basin 2 (Bhavani basin from Mettur to Upper Anicut), Basin 3 (Amaravathy basin), Basin 4 (Upper Anicut to Grand Anicut) and Basin 5 (Downstream of Grand Anicut, including lower Anicut and the delta region). From the 16 Global Climate Model ensemble outputs, rainfall in the mid century is expected to increase in the SWM months starting from May through December in the order of 1 to 36% (Basin 1), 3 to 21% (Basin 2), 1 to 17% (Basin 3), 3 to 22% (Basin 4) and 4 to 22% (Basin 5). The same trend is expected in the end century with different magnitude. The South West Monsoon (JJAS) and post-monsoon rainfall (ONDJ) is expected to increase towards mid and end century whereas not much change is expected in the pre-monsoon rainfall in the future. Annual rainfall is expected to be 21, 11 and 7% more during mid century compared to the baseline (1981–2000) in the upper Cauvery (Basin 1), mid Cauvery (Basin 2, 3 and 4) and delta region (Basin 5) respectively. The rainfall would be higher by 33, 15 and 10% than the current quantity in the upper Cauvery, mid Cauvery and delta region respectively during end century. These results could contribute to the development of policies for future agricultural water management.Keywords: Cauvery Basin, Climate Model Ensemble, Rainfall.
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Abstract This study aimed at optimizing or maximizing the distillate production in plain basin, corrugated basin and compartmental basin solar stills by integrating them with optimum level of the four operational parameters - Mass of Heat Storage Material, Basin Water Depth, Basin Cover Thickness and External Mirror Position. The efficiency of the parameters is not uniform and it differs from still to still due to variation in the structure of the basin. Further, the most efficient level in a parameter differs from still to still. A particular basin water depth which is highly productive in plain basin still may not suit well for corrugated or compartmental basin still. To find out the optimum parameter levels, the 4 operational parameters and the four levels of each parameter were combined as per L 16 orthogonal array and the distillate production under different combination of operational parameter levels were analyzed using S/N ratio analysis, mean response method, analysis of variance and regression analysis. The analysis revealed that the optimum mass of heat storage material was 16 kg in plain basin, 12 kg in corrugated basin and 10 kg in compartmental basin still. The efficiency of corrugated basin and compartmental basin solar stills was maximum at a lower basin water depth of 15 mm and 10 mm respectively. But plain basin still efficiency was maximum at a higher basin water depth of 20 mm. The optimum basin cover thickness was 4 mm in all the solar stills, in spite of a difference in the structure of the basin. In the same way, the distillate production was maximum when the external mirrors were positioned on the two sloping sides of the solar still (east and west direction). The expected production from the solar stills integrated with the optimum parameter levels was estimated using regression analysis and mean response method. The average distillate production which was 3304, 3493 and 3629 ml/m 2 .day in the modified (not with optimum parameter levels) plain basin, corrugated basin and compartmental basin solar stills respectively, improved to 6414, 7153 and 7629 ml/m 2 .day respectively when they were modified with optimum parameter levels and the increase in production was 94 %, 105 % and 110 % respectively.
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Solar still
Solar pond
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Pull apart basin
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There is a massive quantity of lignite coal reserves at the Thar Coal Mine Pakistan which are demarcated through thick coal seams. To extract these thick coal seams, the chosen method for mining is Top Coal Caving. The Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) has been the preferred underground mining method that has been developed and then accepted by its guaranteed results in China’s coal mining industry. In this research paper, a 12 meter thick coal seam has been modeled successfully and the mechanism of top coal demonstrated and top coal recovery ratio was computed with the help of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) at Block-IX Thar Coal Mine. In the modeling consequences, the total top coal recovery ratio was computed to be 83.9% when the top coal thickness was three times as the height of cutting height with the drawing interval of 0.8m respectively. Thus, this recovery ratio suggests proficient production for the development of LTCC method at Thar coal mine Pakistan.
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Recovery rate
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