Cooked Meat and Risk of Breast Cancer—Lifetime Versus Recent Dietary Intake
Susan E. SteckMia M. GaudetSybil M. EngJulie A. BrittonSusan L. TeitelbaumAlfred I. NeugutRegina M. SantellaMarilie D. Gammon
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are carcinogens formed in or on the surface of well-done meat, cooked at high temperature.We estimated breast cancer risk in relation to intake of cooked meat in a population-based, case-control study (1508 cases and 1556 controls) conducted in Long Island, NY from 1996 to 1997. Lifetime intakes of grilled or barbecued and smoked meats were derived from the interviewer-administered questionnaire data. Dietary intakes of PAH and HCA were derived from the self-administered modified Block food frequency questionnaire of intake 1 year before reference date. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Modest increased risk was observed among postmenopausal, but not premenopausal, women consuming the most grilled or barbecued and smoked meats over the life course (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.12-1.92 for highest vs. lowest tertile of intake). Postmenopausal women with low fruit and vegetable intake, but high lifetime intake of grilled or barbecued and smoked meats, had a higher OR of 1.74 (CI = 1.20-2.50). No associations were observed with the food frequency questionnaire-derived intake measures of PAHs and HCAs, with the possible exception of benzo(alpha)pyrene from meat among postmenopausal women whose tumors were positive for both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors (OR = 1.47; CI = 0.99-2.19).These results support the accumulating evidence that consumption of meats cooked by methods that promote carcinogen formation may increase risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.Keywords:
Food frequency questionnaire
Cooking methods
Objective: We sought to determine whether weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) influenced serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in workers. Methods: We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016) data from 3304 workers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals based on serum hs-CRP cut-off values of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. Results: We found that at least 1-hour and less than 2 hours of weekend CUS reduced the risk of elevated hs-CRP levels (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.99) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: CUS may reduce serum hs-CRP levels in workers, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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We retrospectively analyzed the data base of the breast unit at King Fahd Hospital from January 2000 till May 2012. We calculated proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and used Logistic regression analysis to explore the predictors. Odds ratios with 95% CI were reported and p value of 0.05 was considered for significance.
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Strokes are common events of significant morbidity and mortality. Poor oral conditions may share or exacerbate pathways that lead to stroke.This study was a cross-sectional study of 410,939 participants from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Stroke was defined as the participant's response (yes/no) to the survey's question, "Has a doctor, nurse or other health professional ever told you that you had a stroke?" The definition for tooth loss was based upon participant's response to the survey's question, "How many of your permanent teeth have been removed because of tooth decay or gum disease?" Descriptive, Chi Square and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Other variables that are known etiologic factors were also included in the analysis.The participants with increasing numbers of teeth lost had increasing adjusted odds ratios for stroke independent of the other factors. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, the participants who had 1 to 5 missing teeth had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.29 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.17, 1.42), participants who had 6 or more, but not all missing teeth had an AOR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.50, 1.88), and participants who were edentulous had an AOR of 1.86 (95% CI: 1.63, 2.11).Evidence from this cross-sectional study indicates that tooth loss had a potential, although weak positive association as an independent factor in multivariable analysis with stroke.
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Objectives. We examined the effect of local restaurant smoking regulations on restaurant environmental tobacco smoke exposure among youths. Methods. We interviewed 3863 Massachusetts youths aged 12–17 years and ascertained how often they saw smokers in restaurants in their town. We assessed the effect of local restaurant smoking regulation strength on nonexposure to environmental tobacco smoke (seeing smokers never or only rarely). Results. Compared with youths from towns with weak regulations, youths from towns with medium-strength regulations had 1.4 times the odds (odds ratio = 1.36; 95% confidence interval = 1.12, 1.65) and youths from towns with strong regulations had twice the odds (odds ratio = 2.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.64, 2.52) of reporting nonexposure. Conclusions. Strong local restaurant smoking regulations are associated with reduced environmental tobacco smoke exposure among youths
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In 1993 Landtblom et al (1) reported a case-referent study on multiple sclerosis and exposure to solvents, ionizing radiation, and animals. Data were obtained from 91 cases and 348 referents. Multiple logistic regression was used in the analysis of the data, and 14 predictors were included in the final model. standard errors appear to be large, as reflected in the wide confidence intervals (CI). For example, the estimated odds ratio for occupational exposure to cats or dogs among men was 18 (95% CI 1.3--265). Despite the wide confidence interval the authors concluded that The men had significantly elevated risks, determined from logistic odds ratios, for . . . occupational contact with dog or cats, . . . [p 399]. odds ratio for X-ray treatment was reported to be for the women, 0 for the men, and 0 when both men and women were included in the model. Obviously there is a problem with the model, but the authors interpret the results in the following way This study indicates that exposure to ionizing radiation might have an increased risk for multiple sclerosis, as observed both for patients treated with X rays and for radiological personnel [p 402]. In my opinion this example illustrates the danger of an uncritical use of the logistic regression analysis. computer nicely calculates regression coefficients even if the number of empty cells is large and provides an error message only when the maximum number of iterations is reached. presence of zero cells should be recognized before the multiple logistic regression is carried out. By collapsing categories and excluding predictors with low prevalence the problem with empty cells can be diminished.
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要旨 【目的】 救急科専攻医は，地域的な偏在だけでなく研修プログラムごとの偏在が示唆されているが，その要因はわかっていない。本研究の目的は救急科専攻医のプログラム選択に寄与する因子の分析である。 【対象】 対象はプログラムを有する救命救急センターで，2019年の一次応募者の有無を目的変数，2018年の救急科専門医数（以下，専門医数），同年の救急車搬送台数（以下，搬送台数），第46回日本救急医学会総会・学術集会での発表数（以下，発表数)，Facebook運用の有無を説明変数として，大学病院群と非大学病院群に分け，ロジスティック回帰分析を行った。 【結果】 対象となる救命救急センターは167あった。一次応募者数の合計は198人で，中央値1，最頻値0，最大値8であった。応募のあるプログラムは92（55.09%）であった。大学病院群（N=62）では，発表数はodds比1.24, 95%信頼区間：0.99–1.55，p=0.058であり，非大学病院群では専門医数はodds比1.19，95%信頼区間：1.00–1.41，p=0.04，搬送台数はodds比1.00，95%信頼区間：1.00–1.00，p=0.04であった。 【結語】 非大学病院では専門医数と搬送台数が，大学病院では発表数が，プログラム選択に寄与している可能性がある。
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Purpose To ascertain the association between fundus drusens and biological parameters in a colony of 1174 monkeys. Methods Presence or absence of drusens was determined through the assessment of fundus photos taken during 2011 – 2013 from 1,174 Macaca fascicularis at Tsukuba Primate Research Center. Biological data from these monkeys including blood test result, age, sex, and body weight were tested for an association between the presence of drusens by applying t-test and logistic regression analysis. Results We identified 387 and 787 monkeys with and without drusens, respectively. Among them, 317 and 628 monkeys with and without drusens that had a complete biological data set were further studied. After comparing each parameter in monkeys with and without drusens, 13 factors with a significance of P < 0.1 (t-test) were selected for logistic regression analysis. Regression analysis showed association of age (odds ratio: 1.092, 95% confidence interval: 1.061–1.125) and platelet count (odds ratio: 1.022, 95% confidence interval: 1.005–1.038) with drusens. In addition, an association was implicated between drusens and white blood cell count (odds ratio: 1.005, 95% confidence interval: 1.000–1.011). Conclusions Age, platelet count, and white blood cell count may be associated with the development of drusens in Macaca fascicularis.
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The aim of the study was to determine whether a system process change improved successful read-back of critical values by the appropriate provider.The study implemented a system process change of switching the "first call" physician from the admitting physician to the most recent document writer. Data were compared before (N = 301) and after the intervention (N = 201). Predictor variables included patient factors, physician factors, and environmental factors. The outcome variables measured were successful read-back within 5 and 30 minutes.Read-back failure within 5 minutes was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) from preintervention (49.5%) to postintervention (31.3%). Multivariate logistic regression showed reduced odds for read-back failure postintervention (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.67, P < 0.001) and increased odds for read-back failure for patients of Hispanic race/ethnicity (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09-2.89, P < 0.05). Read-back failure within 30 minutes did not significantly change. Multivariate logistic regression showed that an increased number of telephone calls were associated with an increased odds for read-back failure (OR 3.12, 95% CI 2.13-4.57, P < 0.001).We recommend the use of the physician who has most recently engaged with the patient as documented in the medical record for the daily note as the primary source of contact for reporting critical values.
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