KIT 1530ins6 mutation defines a subset of predominantly malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors of intestinal origin1 1The opinions and assertions contained herein are the expressed views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Departments of the Army or Defense.
Jerzy LasotaJanusz KopczyńskiMaarit Sarlomo‐RikalaRegine Schneider‐StockTomasz StachuraRadzisław KordekMichal MichalCarsten BoltzeAlbert RoessnerJerzy StachuraMarkku Miettinen
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Abstract The gastrointestinal tract serves the physiological function of digesting and absorbing nutrients from food and physically mixing and propelling these contents in an oral to anal direction. These functions require the coordinated interaction of several cell types, including enteric nerves, immune cells and smooth muscle. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are now recognized as another cell type that are required for the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormalities in ICC numbers and networks are associated with several gastrointestinal motility disorders. This review will describe what is known about the function and role of ICC both in health and in a variety of motility disorders with a focus on unresolved issues pertaining to their role in the control of gastrointestinal motility.
Enteric Nervous System
Cell type
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Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) in the gastrointestinal tract play a role in gastrointestinal motility.At least three distinct functional classes of ICC exist in the gastrointestinal tract.Ultrastructural studies have identified membrane densifications between enteric nerve and ICC.More direct functional evidences suggest the primary role of ICC in enteric motor neurotransmission.
Enteric Nervous System
Human gastrointestinal tract
Interstitial cell
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Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are mesenchímal tumours of the digestive tract. These tumours represent 0.1–3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. These tumors can arise anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but most often in the stomach (70%). They are diagnosed sometimes as accidentally findings, but in the other cases they occour as urgent problems in the gastroenterology such as abdominal pain and bleeding. 10–30% of the newly diagnosed GIST are malignant. The imaging methods can predict the answer for these questions and help the managment of the following strategies in this type of the gastrointestinal tumours.
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal pathology
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Gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs),distributed throughout the whole gastrointestinal(GI) tract,are a special kind of mesenchymal cells.The special relationship among ICCs,enteric nervous system and smooth contributes to the formation of the neuron-ICC-smooth muscle networks.Especially,ICC is the important coordinator in the network,and is closely related with the generation of intestinal slow waves.There is the signaling pathway which is activated by ckit,a specific membrane receptor of ICC,binds to stem cell factor(SCF),a ligand for c-kit,and the pathway plays an important role in the development and maintenance of ICC.Therefore,through the investigation of the SCF/c-kit signaling pathway,it is expected to find a new therapy for ICCs associated gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Enteric Nervous System
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It is postulated that the electric waves of the gut are generated by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). We hypothesized the presence of ICC in the rectum as initiating the rectal electric activity. The current study investigated this hypothesis. Two rectal specimens were taken from healthy areas of excised rectum of 22 rectal cancer patients (age 44.6+/-.2 SD years, 12 men, 10 women). The study specimens were subjected to c-kit immunohistochemistry. Controls for antisera specificity consisted of tissue incubation with normal rabbit serum substituted for the primary antiserum. C-kit positive branched ICC-like cells were detected in the rectal musculature of the studied specimens. They were distinguishable from the c-kit-negative non-branched smooth muscle cells and from the c-kit positive but non-branched mast cells. Immunoreactivity was absent in the negative controls. We have identified in the rectum for the first time cells with morphologic and immunologic phenotypes similar to the ICC of the gut. The role of these cells in normal physiologic and pathologic conditions of the rectum needs further studies.
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Gastrointestinal tract mobility is spontaneously and rhythmically active of smooth muscles. More and more evidences indicated that the rhythmic activities might originate in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC,so-called pacemaker) distributed in the myenteric region of gastrointestinal tract. Morphological features of these cells distributed in different areas of gastrointestinal tract are variety, however, all of them are rich in mitochondria, surrounding ICC express c-Kit immunoreactivity, and form gap junctional connections with each other and nearby smooth muscle cells.
Pacemaker potential
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors originating from interstitial cells of Cajal or related stem cell-like precursors present in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. However, identical tumors originating from areas other than the gastrointestinal tract have been reported which are histologically identical to the usual GISTs. We are reporting a case of primary omental GIST in a 57-year-old female.
Stromal tumor
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Abstract Chapter 10 discusses gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), which are rare tumours arising from the same common mesenchymal stem cell precursor as the interstitial cells of Cajal, which are pacemaker cells of the autonomic nervous system, located within the wall of the gut and responsible for gastrointestinal (GI) tract peristalsis.
Peristalsis
Enteric Nervous System
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Neoplasm
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Objective To detect the expressions of interstitial cell of Cajal(ICC)and synaptophysin and their significance in the develop-ment of distal rectum in fetal rat model of anorectal malformation(ARM).Methods The expessions of c-kit and synaptophysin in the distal recturm were detected by immunohistochemical method,immunofluorescence,and Western blot in normal and ARM fetal rats.Results In control group,c-kit and synatophysin were highly expressed in the muscular layer of mucosa of the colon and rectum.Compared with control group,the expressions of c-kit and synatophysin were lower and the development was delayed in ARM group.The expressions of c-kit and synatophysin increased from distal rectum to proximal rectum in ARM group.The total levels of c-kit and SY proteins were significantly higher in control group than in ARM group(P 0.05).Conclusion Abnormal distribution of ICC and synaptophysin in the distal rectum is one of the most important pathologic changes in ARM fetal rats.
Synaptophysin
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