Mainstream smoke constituent yields and predicting relationships from a worldwide market sample of cigarette brands: ISO smoking conditions
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tar (computing)
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A series of low tar cigarettes (LTC) were smoked and the quantities of condensable mainstream (inhaled) and sidestream (between puffs) smoke compounds were determined and compared to those produced by a high tar, nonfilter cigarette. It was found that the LTC produced large quantities of sidestream smoke condensates, about equal to the high tar cigarette, and contained very high levels of toxic or cocarcinogenic phenols. On an equal weight basis, the LTC emitted more of these hazardous compounds into sidestream and environmental tobacco smoke. Higher smoke yields of a flavor additive and a sugar degradation product indicated addition of such compounds during the manufacture of LTC. It was concluded that, compared to a high tar cigarette, smoking LTC may be better for the smoker, but not for the nearby nonsmoker. Information should be developed to allow smokers to choose LTC that produce lower levels of hazardous compounds in their environmentally emitted sidestream smoke.
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Fifty-five types of commercial cigarettes on the West German market were analyzed for tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in mainstream smoke. The cigarettes included filter and nonfilter cigarettes with very high, high, medium, low and ultra-low tar and nicotine yields. The observed range for N'-nitrosonornicotine was from 5 to 625 ng/cigarette and for 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone from not detected (less than 4 ng/cigarette) to 432 ng/cigarette. The highest TSNA values were obtained for nonfilter cigarettes made of dark tobaccos and the lowest values for nonfilter Oriental-type cigarettes. Relatively high TSNA yields were also observed in filter cigarettes with moderate and lower tar deliveries. The results demonstrated that there is no correlation between TSNA and tar deliveries in mainstrain smoke. The TSNA deliveries in mainstream smoke depended on the actual tobacco composition. According to these results the tar delivery, although crucial, is not a sufficient index for the biological activity and the carcinogenic potential of cigarette smoke.
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Abstract A series of 16 low-tar cigarettes, yielding from 1 to 10 mg of tar, were smoked on a modified cigarette smoking machine that collected both mainstream (MS, inhaled) smoke and sidestream (SS, between puffs) smoke. The SS smoke is the major contributor to environmental tobacco smoke. The collected MS and SS smoke condensates were evaluated for mutagenicity by the Ames test and compared with MS and SS smoke condensates from a high-tar cigarette. Both MS and SS condensates of low-tar cigarettes (LTCs) were tested with the Salmonella strains TA1538 and TA100. Except for three cigarettes, the MS smoke mutagenicities of the LTC smoke condensates were significantly reduced (about 30%) when compared with a control, high-tar (23-mg) cigarette. Opposite results were obtained for the SS smoke condensates, which were more mutagenic (about 20%) than the SS smoke condensate of the high-tar cigarette. Thus, LTC mainstream smoke may be less hazardous to the LTC smoker, whereas LTC sidestream may emit more mutagenic compounds into environmental tobacco smoke, which, through passive inhalation, could affect both smokers and nonsmokers.
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Tobacco smoke
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Tobacco Industry
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The tar in the mainstream smoke is an important parameter of cigarette. The traditional analysis method of tar is used with smoking machine and gas chromatography, It is time-consuming, costly and ill-predicted. A near infrared spectroscopy method for determination of tar in the mainstream smoke was developed. The method can detect and predict the tar in the mainstream smoke. Compare with measured values, the deviation is no more than 1.0mg/g. The precision is less than 3.9 %.
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