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Keywords:
Glassy carbon
Carbon fibers
Kerosene
非接触管型熱分解炉を用い, 水蒸気を稀釈ガスとして灯油の熱分解実験を行ない。反応温度550～750℃, 稀釈率1.5～5.5g-steam/g-keroseneおよび滞留時間0.3sec以下の実験範囲内でつぎのような結論をえた。i) 本実験範囲内において, ガス化率およびエチレン収率はそれぞれ0.7g-gas/g-keroseneおよび0.3g-ethylene/g-keroseneを越え, ナフサにくらべてけっして劣らないエチレン収量を灯油からも期待できる。ii) 過酷な実験条件の場合をのぞいて, 反応を液成分の総括1次反応として取り扱った結果, 反応速度定数にをえた。k=7.9×107exp (-32×103/RT)iii) 反応管軸方向の管壁温度分布は反応の進行にかなりの影響を与えるが。本報告において導入された数値解式によりそれをほぼ妥当に見積ることができた。
Kerosene
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Glassy carbon
Carbon fibers
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In order to study the impact of PAM on the kerosene emulsion stability and the coal slurry flotation effects,this paper discusses the kerosene emulsification experiment carried out,choosing different volume contents in a mechanical rabble way and the unit flotation contrast experiment carried out,using kerosene,kerosene + PAM,kerosene emulsion and kerosene emulsion +PAM as collector.The result shows that addition of a small amount of PAM aqueous solution to the process of kerosene emulsion preparation leads to an improvement in the speed of kerosene emulsification and an increase in the stability of emulsion;when the oil-water ratio is 1∶1 and the emulsifier is 1%,the emulsion(with the PAM content of 21%) shows the best stability;the increase in volume of PAM,gives gradually improved flotation effect,and the decrease occurs in flotation effect,when the PAM volume is excessive.Compared with the pure kerosene flotation results,the flotation indexes of kerosene+PAM,kerosene emulsion and kerosene emulsion+PAM show improvement to varying degrees and 50% decrease in the kerosene consumption.
Kerosene
Coal slurry
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The setaram calorimeter,the contact angle gauge DCAT21,the surface tension apparatus and the Leica electronic microscope were used to study the natures of emulsified kerosene and kerosene and their effects on slime. Batch flotation tests were carried out.The results show that the particle diameter of emulsified kerosene,the dispersibility in water,the wetting heat with slime,changing contact angle and decreasing gas-solution interfacial tension and so on are all better than those of kerosene.The consumption of emulsified kerosene is only one-third of that of kerosene when equivalent yields of clean coal are obtained.The flotation speed of emulsified kerosene is faster than that of kerosene,the yield of clean coal of emulsified kerosene is higher than that of kerosene by 7.38 % and the ash content of clean coal of emulsified kerosene is lower than that of kerosene by 0.98 % when equivalent amounts of the two reagents are used in the flotation process.The study shows that flotation selectivity and efficiency of emulsified kerosene are all higher than those of kerosene and the consumption of reagent is lower than that of kerosene.
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Chronoamperometry
Glassy carbon
Linear sweep voltammetry
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The comparative toxicities of two petroleum products, petrol and kerosene were examined by exposing Tympanotonus fuscatus to acute concentrations (60, 90, 120 and 150ml/L) of these toxicants for 96 hours. The 48th hour LC50 for petrol was 177.36 ml/L, while that of kerosene was 306.16 ml/L. The 96th hour LC50 was 34.12 ml/L for petrol as against 111.14 ml/L for kerosene. The 48th hour LC50 of petrol was found to be 2.40x that of the kerosene, while the 96th hour LC50 was found to be 3.25x the value observed in the kerosene. The 48th and 96th hour LC95 for petrol was 317.88 and 99.54ml/L while that of kerosene was 1079.11 and 433.94 ml/L. The mean lethal time (MLT50) of petrol in the various concentrations were 61.64, 68.09, 44.71 and 43.17 hours for 60, 90, 120 and 150 ml/L respectively. The MLT50 of kerosene in the Various concentrations were 90.13, 84.06, 79.02 and 73.27 hours for 60, 90, 120 and 150 ml/L. There was a time and concentration dependent mortality of Tympanotonus fuscatus in both media. The mortality rate in petrol was found to be higher than that of the kerosene in all situations. The results suggests that both petrol and kerosene are toxic to the environment with petrol being more toxic than the kerosene.Keywords: Petrol, kerosene, Tympanotonus fuscatus, toxicity, environment.
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Petroleum product
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Formation of well-ordered redox active monolayers is desirable for systematic study of electron transfer for sensor applications and generation of tailored hybrid materials. We have covalently attached 6-bromohexylferrocene (Fc(CH 2 ) 6 Br) to glassy carbon electrodes through a Grignard reaction and used cyclic voltammetry to characterize interfacial electron transfer and probe disorder in these modified electrodes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry confirmed attachment of the expected Fe(II) species and reversible electron transfer is observed. However, the full width at half max of the cyclic voltammogram features deviates from the ideal value of 90.6 mV and varies with surface coverage, indicating a disordered surface. We determine this disorder arises from phase segregation where some domains have a high loading of the hexylferrocene chains while others have a lower loading of hexylferrocene resulting in different local environments that are distinguishable by cyclic voltammetry.
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Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, including graphene, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides and their composites have shown to be efficient and promising materials for high performance supercapacitor electrodes, with high surface area and large in-plane conductivity. Among the 2D layered supercapacitors, MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 , and WSe 2 are semiconductors with intriguing electronic, electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties. We have synthesized WS 2 thin films onto both ITO and glassy carbon electrodes by the electro-reduction of (NH 4 ) 2 WS 4 from both aqueous and acetonitrile electrolytes. During cyclic voltammetry, a cathodic peak that overlaps with H 2 evolution is observed at at -1.2V vs Ag/AgCl in aqueous solutions. In acetonitrile, no cathodic peak is observed on ITO, but a cathodic peak that overlaps with a background cathodic peak is observed on glassy carbon. The background peak appears to arise form TEA-BF4 reduction, since the current density scales with TEA-BF4 concentration. The standard reduction potential, effective diffusion coefficient and transfer coefficient for WS 2 electrodeposition in acetonitrile are determined are estimated from cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates. Results will also be presented for the specific capacitance of WS 2 films deposited atop glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) following application of potential sweep methods for activing GCE.
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The air/oil/water interfacial tensions of magnectied kerosene test was carried out with the method of ring-pulling method by 0~80 mT magnetizing treated at 30~60 ℃ from 0~60 min.It was found that 19.2% oil/water interfacial tensions decrease rate was achieved by 80 mT magnetizing treated at 30 ℃ and last 60 min,and kerosene was close to magnetic saturation that oil/water interfacial tensions had little effection through increasing magnetic field intensity treating time alone.Air/oil interfacial tensions of magneticed kerosene decreased slowly and it's oil/water interfacial tensions firstly decreased and then increased until close to untreated kerosene's under the treating temperature 30~60 ℃.
Kerosene
Saturation (graph theory)
Water saturation
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