Impeding Authoritarian Transparency: How China’s Industrial Giants Hold Back Institutional Reform
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Recent transparency reforms in China are intended in part to help activists, journalists, and others to limit the ability of the local party-state to engage in practices that not only harm ordinary Chinese but also go against central government interests. However, implementing these reforms requires cooperation from the very actors who may be weakened by them. We show that even controlling for pollution, development, and industrialization, Chinese cities dominated by large industrial firms are less transparent than those with a less-concentrated industrial base. This effect is stronger when the city’s largest firm is in a highly polluting industry. We control for pollution using satellite-generated data in order to avoid relying on questionable official data that may be manipulated by local governments. While the negative economic consequences of the dominance of large state-connected firms have been widely discussed, our study shows that this growth strategy has important and deleterious political effects as well.It has been suggested that there is no such thing as a left-wing authoritarian, and that authoritarian attitudes do not correlate with authoritarian behaviors. Studies were done in the United States, England, and Hungary in order to obtain cross-cultural empirical data on these questions. An additional goal of the research was to use common measures across samples, which had not occurred in previous studies where comparisons were drawn. Left-wing authoritarians were not found in the United States or England, but were found in Hungary. An authoritarian attitude did not correlate positively with authoritarian behavior in any of the countries.
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The problem of authoritarianism is now becoming ever more relevant. The comprehensive analysis of authoritarianism takes into account the dynamics of authoritarian attitudes and values at the individual level, the means of political control, and the prospects of institutional transformations in contemporary Russia. This research proposes a new approach to the analysis and measurement of authoritarianism in order to determine the nature and the influential effect of the authoritarian syndrome on political processes and, moreover, to find the reasons for the viability of authoritarianism in modern Russia. What are the individual, societal and political prerequisites that contribute to increasing authoritarianism? The analysis of political changes in Russia’s system over the past decade shows the dynamics of the political institutions of state power from pro-democratic to authoritarian. Institutional changes in the political system have responded to the requirements of the population for authoritarianism—the desire for strong leadership and the establishment of order. How does the implementation of state policies both enhance and benefit from widespread authoritarianism? This research represents an attempt, on the basis of systematic studies of authoritarianism, to identify effective ways to overcome the authoritarian syndrome and to determine the trajectory of the evolution of political institutions in Russia.
Political system
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Electoral authoritarianism: analytical framework. Defining electoral authoritarianism. Sources of uncertainty in authoritarian and electoral authoritarian regimes. Institutional configuration of authoritarian and electoral authoritarian regimes. Pattern of manipulation in electoral authoritarian regimes. Putin's Russia: an empirical case of electoral authoritarianism. Russia's institutional structure. Form of state structure. Form of goverment. Elections.
Consolidation
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Authoritarian attitudes of 70 lower-class, adolescent, delinquent girls were assessed and related to the authoritarian attitudes and authoritarian rearing practices of their mothers. The mothers' rearing practices and attitudes were measured by their direct report and indirectly by their daughters' perceived mothers' report. Although the measures of authoritarian attitudes and authoritarian rearing practices were moderately correlated, only the authoritarian attitudes of the mothers were consistently and significantly related to the authoritarian attitudes of their daughters. The discussion of results contained some hypotheses relating the identification process to ethnocentric and authoritarian attitude development which are suggestive of future research.
Authoritarian leadership style
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This study attempted to check, in an authoritarian culture, Ray's hypothesis that there is no relationship between authoritarian behavior and authoritarian attitudes. Scales measuring these two variables were administered to 38 white Afrikaans-speaking South African college men and women (average age 20.74 years). The correlation between the two scales was--.21 which is not significant. The results were therefore seen as a confirmation of Ray's hypothesis.
White (mutation)
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Authoritarian regimes, like all governments, face the need to control lower level officials who work for the regime. But authoritarian and democratic governments differ in the sets of tools and constraints they bring to the problem, and even within the category of authoritarian governments there are substantial differences in regime capabilities in this regard. This chapter examines the causes and consequences of a decision by an authoritarian government to turn to administrative law as a tool for monitoring government officials.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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In the last decade Chinese consultative authoritarianism has been renewed through many political and administrative innovations and tools. Authoritarian rule in China is now permeated by a wide variety of consultative and deliberative practices. These practices stabilize and strengthen authoritarian rule, leading to deliberative authoritarianism, an advanced form of consultative authoritarianism. This paper discusses two experiments—deliberative polling at Zeguo, Zhejiang, and a township election in Ya'an, Sichuan. Through these two cases we examine the direction which the development of consultative authoritarianism is presently taking, and the potentials and limitations of such input mechanisms in an authoritarian setting.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
ages with a diverse mix of classic and
contemporary pieces. The ChoraleAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs
performances have been described
as AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂemotionally unfiltered, honest
music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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This article examines the prevalence and consequences of authoritarian attitudes among elites in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. We focus on the connection between antidemocratic elite attitudes and support for democracy; the causes and effects of authoritarian attitudes among elites and their implications for authoritarianism; and the impact of authoritarian attitudes beyond social policy preferences to other policy areas that have indirect implications for order. Contrary to some of the literature, we find that antidemocratic attitudes affect elites' support for democracy. Our analysis also speaks to the debate on the origins of authoritarianism. Much of the evidence supports Altemeyer's notion that perceived threat raises levels of authoritarianism, rather than Feldman's contention that threat strengthens the influence of authoritarian attitudes. Finally, we demonstrate that there is a broader influence of authoritarian attitudes on economic policy preferences, but only where those policies appear to have implications for social order.
Elite
Affect
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