Determination of glyphosate in groundwater samples using an ultrasensitive immunoassay and confirmation by on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Josep SanchísLina KantianiMarta LlorcaFernando RubioAntoni GinebredaJosep FraileTeresa GarridoMarinella Farré
176
Citation
23
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Low levels of biomarkers and the complexity of bio sample make the analytical assay of several biomarkers a challenging issue. Suitable sample preparation run remain a vital part of the puzzle of diagnostic level. Enhancing the detection limit of bioanalytical methods start during the sample preparation procedure. A robust sample preparation method is needed to evaluate the number of biomarkers. As worldwide environmental issues attract expanding consideration, all the more harmless to the ecosystem investigations are liked. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an appealing strategy among the sample treatment methods due to the versatility of sorbent materials, less solvent consumption, and compatibility with analytical devices. Miniaturization of the SPE gives the chance to integrate the other analytical steps in a single run, known as an easy-to-use and effective method. SPE utilizes various SPE sorbent beds such as packed beads, porous polymer monoliths, molecularly imprinted polymers, membranes, or other magnetic form microstructures to achieve high surface-to-volume ratio and appropriate chemical properties effective extraction. Also, SPE is the methodology of interest to fulfill high recovery and efficiency demands. In this review, we intend to explain more recent methods for the rational design of SPE and miniaturized SPE to determine biomarkers from biological media. The headlines are subdivided into (1) packing materials in SPE, (2) setups for sample preparation by magnetic SPE, and (3) and future perspective for the application of SPE in sample preparation for analysis of biomarkers.
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Molecularly imprinted polymer
Bioanalysis
Sample (material)
Cite
Citations (24)
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Divinylbenzene
Cite
Citations (131)
Many modem analytical methods deal with the trace-level determination of compounds of interest in highly complex biomedical and environmental samples by means of chromatographic techniques. The introduction of a sample into an analytical instrument can make analyses easier and prolongs equipment life. The use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) has grown and is a fertile technique of sample preparation as it provides better results than those produced by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The application of SPE can give selectivity of extraction providing a purified and concentrated extract. In the field of SPE techniques, trace enrichment and sample clean-up via the use of bonded silica cartridges and immobilised antibodies are discussed. SPE using bonded silica has been optimised with respect of sample pH, sample concentration, elution solvent strength, sample volume, and elution volume. In this investigation a variety of non-polar sorbent cartridges were also screened. The octadecyl bonded silica cartridge (C18) has proven successful in simplifying sample preparation. Although bonded phases are commercially available, and can be useful for broad-range screening, they do not have a good selectivity. The use of immuno-extraction procedure as a novel solid phase extraction system utilizing immobilised antibodies has been evaluated. In the present work, it was possible to use antisera covalently bonded as a selective SPE and enrichment method. Several feature of sample preparation especially retention and elution processes are evaluated and the general applicability of the system is also demonstrated. A new approach in the present method proved that chlortoluron and isoproturon could be retained on immuno-columns based on specific analyte-antibody interaction. Further study employed a buffer solution of PBS and ethanol to extract the analytes selectively from a variety of spiked matrices and gave a clean sample for HPLC-UV. A comparison study showed that, the retention was not occurring if activated silica and non-immune antibody were used. The method enabled the pre-concentration of a large sample volume of water (1000 ml) followed by elution of the analytes in 1 ml of eluent. The effect of different eluents, elution solvent pH, sample pH, sample concentration, and sample flow-rate were also optimised. A mass range of 5 to 2000 ng for chlortoluron and 5 to 500 ng for isoproturon could be retained and eluted, resulting in a very low detection limit using a large sample volume. The specificity of the immuno-columns towards closely related compounds have also been evaluated. The columns proved to be selective if different groups of compounds are applied. They were reusable for more than sixty times without losing their bioactivity. The method were optimised for water and showed good accuracy and precision day-to-day and within-day. They were validated with 3 different pools of spiked samples and good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days. The feasibility of using antibodies as a tool in sample preparation is now encouraging further study in environmental and biological analysis.
Solid phase extraction
Cartridge
Sample Preparation
Cite
Citations (0)
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Clean-up
Cite
Citations (34)
An Acinetobacter lwoffü HN401 isolated from heavily polluted urban streams metabolized glyphosate as well as aminomethylphosphonate (AMPn) as source of phosphorus. The strain also exhibited similar growth yields in media containing glyphosate, AMPn, or orthophosphate. The HN401 grown in the 1 mM glyphosate followed by phosphate-free minimal medium treatment without glyphosate showed a growth curve virtually indistinguishable from that of cells grown in 0.1 mM glyphosate. The HN401 completely depleted the orthophosphate from the medium before it started to take up glyphosate. But we could not detect the phosphate from product(s) of glyphosate degradaton. The HN401 transported nearly 85% of the glyphosate in the medium into the cells within 10 min and could not transport glyphosate even in the presence of 0.1 mM [14C]glyphosate, while glyphosate uptake rate of the cells starved for 6 h increased noticeably. Thus, phosphorus deprivation in the medium may induce the system by which glyphosate is taken up.
Aminomethylphosphonic acid
Phosphonate
Cite
Citations (2)
Sample Preparation
Complex matrix
Food Products
Cite
Citations (173)
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Sample (material)
Liquid phase
Cite
Citations (1)
Cartridge
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Ion chromatography
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Sample (material)
Clean-up
Cite
Citations (36)
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Cite
Citations (0)
Phosphatidylethanol
Solid phase extraction
Sample Preparation
Cite
Citations (5)