40 Gbit∕s XOR and AND gates using polarisation switching within 1 m-long bismuth oxide-based nonlinear fibre
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Abstract:
The implementation of all-optical logic gates of XOR and AND operable at 40 Gbit/s using polarisation switching within only 1 m length of a fabricated Bi-NLF is experimentally demonstrated. The two logic functions are obtained in a single device by simply changing the polarisation states of input signals relative to that of a probe beam.Keywords:
XOR gate
Gigabit
Bismuth
In this article, we propose a common photonic crystal based logic gate structure with T-shaped waveguide which can be used as XOR, OR and NOT gates. The inputs are inphase with each other for OR function whereas they are out of phase for XOR and NOT functions. The destructive interference due to out of phase inputs produces a very low output transmission for logic `0' which leads the structure to provide an output contrast ratio of 55.31 dB. Moreover, compared with the existing literature on the photonic crystal based logic gates, the achieved contrast ratio of the proposed structure is improved by more than 23%. Further, the calculated response time is very less with a value of 0.1456 ps which leads to a bit rate of 6.868 Tbps.
XOR gate
Contrast ratio
Waveguide
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Abstract Logic gates have great importance in realization of rapid data transmission as well as low loss transfers. In this paper, a multi-objective inverse-design approach is implemented by using objective-first algorithm to design optical AND, OR, NAND and NOT logic gates on Si-platform at the design wavelength of 1.30 μ m. For all gates, the design area is fixed to 2.24 μ m × 2.24 μ m. The optical logic ‘1’ output is accepted to be optical power values greater than 0.8 times of the input optical power. By implementing a Bias waveguide as well as two input ports, we made it possible to achieve logic ‘1’ output for logic operations having no inputs such as ‘0 NAND 0 = 1’ and ‘0 NOT = 1’. We binarized the proposed logic gates, and then numerically analyzed them by using finite-difference time-domain method. Proposed AND gate yields 1.20 times of input power for ‘1 AND 1 = 1’ logic operation and highest logic ‘0’ is obtained for logic operation of ‘1 AND 0 = 0’ as 0.40 times of the input power at the operating wavelength. It is also observed that proposed logic gates can operate not only at the design wavelength of 1.30 μ m but also at broad wavelength regions as well. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to carry out complex logic operations by combining the proposed logic AND, OR and NAND gates to construct an XOR gate in the same platform.
AND-OR-Invert
XOR gate
NOR logic
NAND logic
OR gate
NOR gate
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All-optical logic gates based on metallic waveguide arrays (MWGAs) are proposed. The supermodes of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited selectively by different input fields. According to the field distribution of different input fields, the appropriate position of output port is chosen for different logic functions, which the lengths of waveguides are different for different gates: L1 = 0.68 μm is for OR gate and NOT gate; L2 = 0.38 μm is for AND gate; L3 = 0.32 μm is for XOR gate. OR gate and NOT gate can be realized in the same MWGA by choosing different input waveguides. The intensity contrast ratios between the output logic "1" and "0" are 9.3–13.98 dB. The logic gates based on MWGAs can provide a new method for logic functions in photonic integrated circuits.
XOR gate
OR gate
Waveguide
Port (circuit theory)
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DNA molecular as the material for logical computing and information storage has been widely applied. An important mechanism for DNA logical computing is the toehold-mediated DNA Strand Displacement (DSD). Researchers have used the DSD mechanism and designed various DNA circuits to perform logical computing processes. However, the logy reaction speed in some logic gates limited the speed of response, the output response is not sensitive enough. Therefore, no output response is often misjudged to logic “0”, high output response is not accurate to logic “1”. In this paper, we proposed a highly creditable step function gate, which consists of a step function module and a threshold module. The output signal in this proposed gate is highly sensitive and accurate to logic “0” & “1”. The proposed gate can recognize the difference between “no input” and “low input”. Besides, we built the OR, AND, NOT, XOR circuits by the proposed step function gate, and the simulation results are highly supported.
DNA Computing
XOR gate
Sequential logic
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A variety of molecule-based logic gates have been developed where chemical and/or physical inputs promote molecular changes integrating up to two logic gates and focusing on Boolean interpretations derived from irreversible gates. However, reversible logic has its uses in quantum computing, low-power CMOS, and optical and DNA computing. In this paper, we demonstrate the integration of three logic gates (viz., an XOR gate and two complementary INHIBIT gates) in a single molecule as a strategy toward developing molecules that can operate in a reversible logic mode by exploiting the four light-emissive electronic excited states. The fluorescence emission from two homologous but inherently different charge-transfer states can be applied toward a conservative XOR gate in such a way that the 11 and 10 outputs can be used to derive the 01 and 10 inputs. This provides an alternative to existing molecular irreversible logic gates, an approach that has raised an enormous expectation, but which contain less information in their output than is present in their inputs. In a complementary way, a half-subtractor based on a combination of the XOR gate and one of the INHIBIT gates was thus produced.
XOR gate
AND-OR-Invert
OR gate
Toffoli gate
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All-optical logic gate based on MMI (Multi-Mode Interference) is proposed in this paper. Different from other methods, MMI efffect is utilized for the logic functions including AND, OR, NOR, and XOR. All-optical logic function is realized at specific output waveguides in accordance with the control signal condition.
XOR gate
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Here we propose four-terminal molecular devices as functional logic gates (AND, NOR and XOR, respectively). Such devices are composed of single organic molecule connected to gold electrodes and located in between gate terminals. Specifically, the operation principle of molecular logic gates is discussed in detail. The input signal of the gate voltages can modify the output signal of the current carried through the device (for concrete value of applied source-drain bias) to simulate classical (Boolean) logical operations. Calculational scheme for current-voltage (I-V) characteristics is based on the Landauer transport theory, where molecule is described with the help of tight-binding model, gold electrodes are treated within an effective Newns-Anderson theory and gate terminals are modeled as capacitor plates.
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SIGNAL (programming language)
Gate voltage
OR gate
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We propose ultra-compact all-optical XOR and AND logic gates based on multi-mode interference (MMI) without using nonlinear optics. Numerical simulations show that the least ON to OFF logic-level contrast ratio is 13.3 dB for XOR logic gate and 4.3 dB for AND logic gate in the whole C-band.
XOR gate
AND-OR-Invert
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By using two symmetrical sidewall gates, we implemented a Si-based single-electron exclusive- OR (XOR) gate and reported on the first flexible multivalued (MV) functionality. A grayscale contour plot of the output voltages displays alternating high/low values as a function of two single-electron transistor (SET) input voltages. Their voltage transfer characteristics display typical XOR or XNOR gate function depending on input voltages for binary, MV, and binary-MV mixed-modes. This flexible two-input XOR gate, combined with the previously reported NAND/NOR gates, provide three basic arithmetic blocks for the SET-based MV logic gate family.
XNOR gate
XOR gate
AND-OR-Invert
NOR gate
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The molecular logic gate is not only an important unit of DNA computer,but also the basic condition of realizing the algorithm.In this paper,special circular DNA sequences are constructed on the basis of DNA self-assembly model.By making the molecular beacon as the input signal,or doing the corresponding mark on the input signal,the structure of the NAND gate,NOR gate and XOR gate,which are three kinds of common complex logic gate,is realized.The logical truth is determined by the detection of fluorescence intensity in the reading of result.When the fluorescence occurs in the solution after the reaction,it represents a logical value of 1,but when there is no fluorescence,it represents the result of 0.During the testing process,the corresponding design of DNA sequences is only needed,and there is no complicated reaction,which can reduce the error caused by the complicated reaction and cumbersome steps.This model has the advantages of simple operation and high sensitivity,and it provides a new idea for the implementation of molecular logic calculation.
DNA Computing
XOR gate
SIGNAL (programming language)
AND-OR-Invert
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