Grain Size‐Microcracking Relation for NaZr2(PO4)3 Family Ceramics
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The grain size‐microcracking relation was examined for low thermal expansion NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 family ceramics. By measurements of the strength, Young's modulus, thermal expansion, and grain size of polycrystalline ceramics sintered at appropriate conditions, the critical grain size for microcracking was determined. The critical grain size was proportional to the inverse square of the maximum thermal expansion difference.FeVO4 crystallites were prepared by sonochemical method using NH4VO3 and Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O as source precursors.The phase,morphology and optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD,SEM,UV-vis absorption spectra and DSC.The results show that the synthesized FeVO4 crystallites have triclinic structure.The particle size of the crystallites decrease gradually and change more uniformity with the increase of ultrasonic irradiation power from 300 W to 500 W.UV-vis absorption spectra show that FeVO4 crystallites exhibit strong absorption in visible band,the grain size decreases and the corresponding bandgaps decrease about from 2.17 eV to 2.08 eV with the increase of ultrasonic irradiation power.
Triclinic crystal system
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CdS crystallites with rod- and flower-like architectures were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal growth method. The hexagonal crystal structure of CdS dominated the growth mechanisms of the rod- and flower-like crystallites under specific growth conditions, as indicated by structural analyses. The flower-like CdS crystallites had a higher crystal defect density and lower optical band gap value compared with the rod-like CdS crystallites. The substantial differences in microstructures and optical properties between the rod- and flower-like CdS crystallites revealed that the flower-like CdS crystallites exhibited superior photoactivity, and this performance could be further enhanced through appropriate thermal annealing in ambient air. A postannealing procedure conducted in ambient air oxidized the surfaces of the flower-like CdS crystallites and formed a CdO phase. The formation of heterointerfaces between the CdS and CdO phases mainly contributed to the improved photoactivity of the synthesized flower-like CdS crystallites.
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Dimethyl ether
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An extended x-ray absorption fine structure was collected for a soft magnetic material comprising very fine nanoscale crystallites of nickel within coarser iron matrix grains. Using a simple spherical model and the spectra of bulk standards, the nickel crystallite size was estimated. Comparison with transmission electron microscopy images confirms that this technique yields a size weighted toward smaller crystallites, whereas Scherrer analysis yields sizes weighted toward larger crystallites. The iron crystallite size was also estimated by this technique in order to ascertain the effect of a nonspherical morphology. This technique shows promise for in situ analyses of materials containing nanoscale crystallites and as a complement to Scherrer analyses.
Scherrer equation
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