Pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, personal care products, nanomaterials and perfluorinated pollutants: a review
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CHARACTERIZING PASSAGE OF PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS THROUGH WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSESSecondary biological treatment is at the foundation of wastewater treatment processes utilized throughout much of the world. Typical diffused air activated sludge systems can reduce organic contaminants through sorption, air stripping, and biotransformation. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) tend to be more hydrophilic and less volatile than traditionally regulated toxic organics...Author(s)Joan OppenheimerRoger StephensonGreg LoraineSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 61: Surface Water Quality & Ecology: Endocrine Distruptors: Passing the AsprinDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:10L.5088;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783856929Volume / Issue2005 / 10Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)5088 - 5094Copyright2005Word count138
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A review of the literature published in 2012 on topics relating to the fate of emerging environmental pollutants during wastewater treatment is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: biological agents, estrogens, industrial wastewater, metals, nanomaterials, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and trace organic contaminants.
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REMOVAL OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS: RESULTS OF THE POSEIDON PROJECTMunicipal wastewater is highly contaminated by pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and (subtle) effects such as feminization of fish have already been found in the receiving waters of wastewater treatment plants. Due to the wide spread of PPCPs in rivers and groundwater also a contamination of drinking water is known in some cases. The EU project POSEIDON established a basic...Author(s)Thomas TernesAdriano JossNorbert KreuzingerKorneliusz MikschJuan M. LemaUrs von GuntenChrista S. McArdellHansruedi SiegristSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 2: Industrial Issues & Treatment Technology: Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Understanding and Managing the ImpactsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:16L.227;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783868115Volume / Issue2005 / 16Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)227 - 243Copyright2005Word count455
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A review of the literature published in 2013 on topics relating to the fate of emerging environmental pollutants during wastewater treatment is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: emerging biological agents, estrogens, metals, nanomaterials, nutrients, persistent organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and herbicide, and trace organic contaminants.
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With the advent of better detection, more micro-contaminants are being found in water. Many of these micro-contaminants come from medical therapies and personal care products. These chemicals are comprised of a wide-range of substances including pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, veterinary drugs, fragrances, hair care products, body lotions, oral care, and cosmetics. Many of these products enhance our quality of life and in some cases, provide life-saving therapies. But, they come with an environmental cost. Scientific research has found sub-therapeutic levels of many of these chemicals in our waterways and in our finished drinking water, causing concern about the potential environmental and public health impacts associated with very low, chronic exposure. As tailored therapies and personal care products are developed, it is crucial to consider how to control emerging contaminants from medical therapies and personal care products. Specific actions and policies can be implemented now by adopting upstream approaches to prevent waste and decrease environmental exposures.
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Studies indicate that humans and wildlife are exposed to different PPCPs chemicals, in different concentrations, through various routes. The four classes of pharmaceutical compounds and two classes of personal care products (PCPs) selected for discussion herein show environmental relevance and have already been studied in the literature. In addition, data is available on population consumption, release percentages and their occurrence in the environment. Sub-lethal effects for all compounds have been confirmed in several studies, at even very low concentrations. Among these, behavior alterations, reproduction changes, interference of enzymes phase I metabolization (CYP), alterations of enzymes responsible for antioxidant systems (GST, CAT, GPx, GSH, SOD, GR), lipid peroxidation and genotoxicity were the main endpoints caused by PPCPs in different levels of the food chain. Given this, there is a strong need to understand the additive and synergistic effects of such mixtures, and to continue their evaluation in both in vitro and in vivo assays, in order to further elucidate their mechanism of action and toxic effects.
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