CTX-M-55-Type Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase- Producing Shigella sonnei Isolated from a Korean Patient Who Had Travelled to China
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Abstract:
Wonmok Lee, M.D., Hae-Sun Chung, M.D., Hyukmin Lee, M.D., Jong Hwa Yum, Ph.D., Dongeun Yong, M.D., Seok Hoon Jeong, M.D., Kyungwon Lee, M.D., and Yunsop Chong, Ph.D.. Ann Lab Med 2013;33:141-4. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2013.33.2.141Keywords:
Shigella sonnei
Objective
To investigate the epidemic characteristics of bacillary dysentery and drug resistance of shigella and provide the basis in the clinical prevention of shigella.
Methods
The distribution and drug resistance about shigella separated from January 2011 to December 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. The shigella and salmonella was cultured. Through VITEK-32 bacteria analyzer, the suspicious strains were identified.
Results
For 280 infection cases of bacillary dysentery, the infection rate of shigella sonnei was 72.0% and the rate of shigella flexneri was 27.9%; the major infection cases were aged 0 to 12 years old; the overal infection rate was 72.5%; the drug resistance of shigella on ampicillin, piperacillin and paediatric compound sulfamethoxazole tablets was over 60.0%; the drug resistance of shigella on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was below 40.0%; 152 strains (54.3%) was confirmed as positive ESBLs; there was no cases of positive Amp C enzyme.
Conclusions
The children are majorly infected by shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei. The infection rate of shigella sonnei is increasing. Thus the clinicians shall select the proper antibacterial agents according to the drug sensitivity test.
Key words:
Bacillary dysentery; Shigella; Drug resistance; Epidemic characteristics
Bacillary dysentery
Shigella sonnei
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Shigella sonnei
Shigellosis
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Shigella sonnei
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Escherichia
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Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei associated with contaminated water have been reported and methods for the simultaneous detection of Shigellae and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in water samples have been developed with detection limits of 10(1)-10(2) CFU mL(-1) of water. Because 10(1)-10(2)Shigellae can cause disease, a more sensitive detection method as an addition to the existing methods for detection of Shigella sonnei in water samples is reported here. Initially, 33 Shigella sonnei and 72 non-Shigella sonnei isolates were tested and one primer pair was found capable of specifically amplifying a 369-bp insertion sequence 1 (IS1) fragment from all 33 Shigella sonnei isolates and one Shigella dysenteriae ATCC isolate by PCR. The detection method was developed, which included filtration of 50 mL of water through a membrane and application of PCR to the membrane using this primer pair. Environmental water samples with total bacterial numbers of 384-2.84 x 10(7) CFU L(-1) were collected and seeded with 13 Shigella sonnei and the Shigella dysenteriae ATCC isolates. Detection limits were determined as 1.7-24.7 and 270-8000 CFU per 50 mL of water, respectively, using this detection method.
Shigella sonnei
Shigellosis
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Shigella sonnei
Shigellosis
Shigella boydii
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Shigella are the main pathogens of infectious diarrhea. New epidemic trend of Shigella sonnei appears. It is not only the predominant epidemic strain in the developed countries, but also becomes the main epidemic strain instead of Shigella flexneri with increased epidemic rate in the developing countries. The resistance of Shigella sonnei to commonly used antibiotics including cephalosporins is increasing rapidly. Shigella sonnei may produce extended -spectrum β -lactamases and AmpC enzyme with the production rate of 0.12%-12.74%, which is drawing more attention. In fact, the antibiotic resistance is far more severe. Up to now, the resistance genotypes of Shigella sonnei include SHV-11, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTXM- 39, CTX-M-64, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-79, TEM-15, TEM-17, TEM-19, TEM-20, TEM-52 and CMY-2, etc. It is suggested that the study of resistance mechanism and resistance monitoring should be strengthened.
Shigella sonnei
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The drug-resistance of Shigella prevalent in Japan from 1949 to1959 was investigated, and the following results were obtained.1. Shigella strains can easily become resistant to sulfanilamide (SA), and 90100% of Shigella flexneri lb, 2a and 2b were highly resistant to SA (resistant-type). Ninety to 80% of Shigella flexneri 3a and Shigella sonnei prevalent in Japan are still sensitive to SA (sensitive-type). Such a difference of SA-resistance between resistant and sensitive type of Shigella was not genetically investigated.2. The annual change in the appearance of SA-resistance of Shigella prevalent in Japan is attributed to the change of type-spectrum of Shigella.3. The antibiotics-resistance of Shigella isolated in Japan from 1953 to 1959 was investigated A single (SM or TC) resistant strain was isolated but there was no tendency that SM or TC resistant Shigella showed an increase. Single CM resistant Shigella strain has never been isolated.4. Multiply resistant Shigella was isolated. This type of Shigella is increasing and has a major problem in both bacterial genetics and epidemiology.5 From the epidemiological investigation of faeces of human subjects, multiply resistant E. coli and Citrobacter were isolated. The carrier of (CM. TC. SM. SA) or (CM. SM. SA) resistant E. coli was about 1.4% among 1145 healthy humans and was more in patients treated with CM, afflicted with tuberculosis aud dysentery among several kinds of in-patients.
Shigella sonnei
Shigellosis
Shigella boydii
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The presence of DNA host specific system in Shigella sonnei 47843 bacteria has been demonstrated. Phage DDIII grown on the cells of Shigella stutzeri 2, in Shigella sonnei 47843 cells is restricted by a factor of 105. Phage T3 of Eco B phenotype as well as DDIII phage is restricted in these cells. This circumstance means that the restriction-modification system of Shigella sonnei 47843 differs in specificity from the well known system E. coli. The results obtained are the second case of host specific system identification in Shigella. The biological properties of the strain (form of the colonies, colicinogenic activity, antibiotic resistance, ability to ferment sugars, etc.) have been studied.
Shigella sonnei
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본 연구는 식품으로부터 Shigella spp.를 분리하기 위해서 현재 사용되고 있는 증균배지를 대상으로 증균성능을 비교 하였다. GN broth, Shigella broth, SF broth, SC broth 총 4개의 증균배지를 비교하였다. S. sonnei에 대해 각 접종 수준에 대한 성장은 Shigella broth에서 101 cfu/mL 낮은 수준의 존재 시에도 성장이 확인되었다. 분리배지에서 거의 구분이 되지 않는 Morganella spp.에 대한 증균은 Shigella broth를 사용할 경우 성장이 저해되었다. 식품을 대상으로 한 S. sonnei의 증균성능은 돼지고기에서 GN broth와 SF broth가 높은 증균능력을 보였으며 소고기에서는 GN broth에서의 증균능력이 높게 나타났으나 Shigella broth에서 증균능력이 높지 않았다. 실험에 사용된 배지는 식품 종류에 따라 증균되는 특성이 상이하므로 식품에서 Shigella spp.를 분리 하고자 할 경우 우선적으로 식품 특성을 고려하여 증균배지를 선택하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각되었다.
Shigella sonnei
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Distribution of Shigella Enterotoxins Genes and PFGE Molecular Typing of Shigella Strains in Tianjin
Objective To know the distribution of Shigella enterotoxins(ShET) genes,and the PFGE molecular typing of Shigella strains in Tianjin.Methods Three kinds of Shigella enterotoxin genes of 62 Shigella strains were detected by PCR;all strains were typed molecularly by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Results There were 36 strains of Shigella flexneri and 26 strains of Shigella sonnei within all Shigella strains;the positive rate of set1A,set1B and sen were,40.32%(25/62),40.32%(25/62)and 50%(31/62)in order.There was significant difference of enterotoxin genes distribution between Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei.All strains could be divided into 14 molecular types.Conclusion The prevalent Shigella strains in Tianjin were Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri from the year 2005 to 2007.The rate of Shigella sonnei grows up sharply years.Shigella sonnei strains isolated in Tianjin show a close relationship from 2005 to 2007,while Shigella flexneri comes from different clones.
Shigella sonnei
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