Point Decoration of Silicon Nanowires: An Approach Toward Single‐Molecule Electrical Detection
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Abstract Probing interactions of biological systems at the molecular level is of great importance to fundamental biology, diagnosis, and drug discovery. A rational bioassay design of lithographically integrating individual point scattering sites into electrical circuits is capable of realizing real‐time, label‐free biodetection of influenza H1N1 viruses with single‐molecule sensitivity and high selectivity by using silicon nanowires as local reporters in combination with microfluidics. This nanocircuit‐based architecture is complementary to more conventional optical techniques, but has the advantages of no bleaching problems and no fluorescent labeling. These advantages offer a promising platform for exploring dynamics of stochastic processes in biological systems and gaining information from genomics to proteomics to improve accurate molecular and even point‐of‐care clinical diagnosis.Keywords:
Silicon nanowires
Molecular binding
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In order to understand properties of ultrathin copper nanowires, we have simulated several copper nanowires using classical molecular dynamic simulations. As the temperature increases, copper nanowires were transformed into structures of the lowest surface stresses and surface energy, circular cross-section with {111}-like surface. As thickness of copper nanowire increases, the breaking of nanowire and the structural transition hardly occurrs. From studies of angular correlation and radial distribution functions, it was shown that ultrathin {111} nanowires was more stable than that of {100} nanowires. The vibrational frequency of nanowires was different to that of bulk about 3 THz and above 8 THz. The structural properties of cylindrical multi-shell nanowires were greatly different from that of face centered cubic.
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光的吸收的理解是必要的为有效光电并且有 IIIV nanowire 数组的 photodetection 应用。这里，我们相关有当模特儿的实验并且试验性地为改变 nanowire 直径和长度在 InP nanowire 数组验证光的预言的吸收。我们发现那在 400 nm 的程度中的长 nanowires 能吸收的 2,000 nm 有在乐队上面的精力的 94% 事件光豁开并且作为后果，点亮在简单光线光学，描述哪个将在 nanowires 之间旅行能被 nanowires 高效地吸收。当光从进数组最高区域的空气被联合时，我们的大小证明为长 nanowires 的吸收由插入思考损失是有限的。这些思考损失能被最近把一条更小的直径介绍给 nanowire 部分到空气减少最高区域。为有如此的 nanowire 形态学调整的 nanowire 数组，我们发现吸收比与增加 nanowire 的其余部分的直径单调地增加。
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Placing nanowires at the predetermined locations on a substrate represents one of the significant hurdles to be tackled for realization of heterogeneous nanowire systems. Here, we demonstrate spatially-controlled assembly of a single nanowire at the photolithographically recessed region at the electrode gap with high integration yield (~90%). Two popular routes, such as protruding electrode tips and recessed wells, for spatially-controlled nanowire alignment, are compared to investigate long-range dielectrophoretic nanowire attraction and short-range nanowire-nanowire electrostatic interaction for determining the final alignment of attracted nanowires. Furthermore, the post-assembly process has been developed and tested to make a robust electrical contact to the assembled nanowires, which removes any misaligned ones and connects the nanowires to the underlying electrodes of circuit.
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After surface modification by a mixture of γ-APTES and SiO 2 nanoparticles, poly-silicon wire (PSW) can be used for biomedical detection without losing much sensitivity and detection limit compared with silicon nanowire sensor. In this paper, we review the use of poly-silicon wire sensor for glucose, DNA, and cells detection.
Silicon nanowires
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In order to understand properties of ultrathin copper nanowires, we have simulated several copper nanowires using classical molecular dynamic simulations. As the temperature increases, copper nanowires were transformed into structures of the lowest surface stresses and surface energy, circular cross-section with {111}-like surface. As thickness of copper nanowire increases, the breaking of nanowire and the structural transition hardly occurrs. From studies of angular correlation and radial distribution functions, it was shown that ultrathin {111} nanowires was more stable than that of {100} nanowires. The vibrational frequency of nanowires was different to that of bulk about 3 THz and above 8 THz. The structural properties of cylindrical multi-shell nanowires were greatly different from that of face centered cubic.
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Area density
Vapor–liquid–solid method
Number density
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Electron and hole mobility in sub-10nm silicon nanowire FETs on (100) SOI has been systematically investigated experimentally. The nanowire height of fabricated nanowire FETs is as low as 4 - 10nm and the minimum nanowire width is shrunk to 5nm. Higher hole mobility than (100) universal mobility is experimentally observed for the first time in 9nm-wide nanowire and even in 5nm-wide nanowire, while electron mobility degradation is minimized in nanowire nFET. Underlying physical mechanisms are discussed.
Electron Mobility
Silicon nanowires
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We model the growth of ZnO nanowires via vapor phase transport and examine the relationship predicted between nanowire length and radius. The model predicts that the lengths of the nanowires increase with decreasing nanowire radii. This prediction is in very good agreement with experimental data from a variety of nanowire samples, including samples showing a broad range of nanowire radii and samples grown using a lithographic technique to constrain the nanowire radius. The close agreement of the model and the experimental data strongly supports the inclusion of a surface diffusion term in the model for the incorporation of species into a growing nanowire.
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Critical radius
Vapor–liquid–solid method
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The influence of shadow effect originating from the neighboring nanowires on the nanowire growth is theoretically investigated. The nanowire axial and radial growth rates and the nanowire shape are shown to be strongly dependent on the nanowire surface density and the direction of incident flux. Theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental shapes of InAs nanowires grown by the Au-catalyzed molecular beam epitaxy. In particular, the barrel-like shape observed in dense arrays of InAs nanowires is well described by the model. Very importantly, we show that the shadow effect helps to avoid otherwise enabled radial growth and to preserve the cylindrical nanowire shape.
Vapor–liquid–solid method
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