Accommodating the adolescent with Attention Deficit Disorder: The role of the resource center teacher
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Transition to the secondary school level can be very stressful, particularly for adolescents with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Students with ADD are legally eligible to receive reasonable accommodations and modifications under IDEA or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Support staff members responsible for insuring that these students' programs and support services are appropriate are often resource center teachers. In order to provide for these students' academic and social needs, resource center teachers function as advocates with administration and school staff. They need to know the characteristics of youngsters with ADD, their rights under the law, appropriate interventions and accommodations for these students in developing metacognitive, compensatory and self-advocacy skills. In their role as the knowledgeable, supportive contact person, they function as a facilitators who empower these adolescents to become productive, competent and well-adjusted individuals. This article address these issues and identifies specific methods and materials to guide support staff in providing positive high school experiences for these adolescents.Multilevel interventions, implemented at the individual, physician, clinic, health-care organization, and/or community level, increasingly are proposed and used in the belief that they will lead to more substantial and sustained changes in behaviors related to cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than would single-level interventions. It is important to understand how intervention components are related to patient outcomes and identify barriers to implementation. Designs that permit such assessments are uncommon, however. Thus, an important way of expanding our knowledge about multilevel interventions would be to assess the impact of interventions at different levels on patients as well as the independent and synergistic effects of influences from different levels. It also would be useful to assess the impact of interventions on outcomes at different levels. Multilevel interventions are much more expensive and complicated to implement and evaluate than are single-level interventions. Given how little evidence there is about the value of multilevel interventions, however, it is incumbent upon those arguing for this approach to do multilevel research that explicates the contributions that interventions at different levels make to the desired outcomes. Only then will we know whether multilevel interventions are better than more focused interventions and gain greater insights into the kinds of interventions that can be implemented effectively and efficiently to improve health and health care for individuals with cancer. This chapter reviews designs for assessing multilevel interventions and analytic ways of controlling for potentially confounding variables that can account for the complex structure of multilevel data.
Multilevel modelling
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We designed a rehabilitation program for patients with post-myocardial infarction by modifying the 14-step program of Emory University into a more suitable form for a Japanese. The usefulness of this rehabilitation program was evaluated by comparing the clinical course of our patients with that of the patients in our affiliated institutions, where patients had no systematic rehabilitation therapy. The following results were obtained: 1) Most patients of the rehabilitation-completed group were living a non-restricted life 6 months after discharge. The life style of the rehabilitation group even including the rehabilitation-non-completed group, was far better than that of the non-rehabilitation group. 2) Many patients of the rehabilitation group were working at the same job as before infarction 3 years after discharge, while a substantial number of the patients of the non-rehabilitation group had changed their job or retired within 3 years after discharge. 3) The reason for changing job or retiring was primarily subjective symptoms or objective findings in the rehabilitation-completed group, while it was mostly fear in the non-rehabilitation group. 4) Patients who could not complete our program were mainly old patients of over 70 years of age, patients with extensive anterior infarction and subendocardial infarction and ones with complications such as shock and cardiac failure.
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Cyberbullying intervention resources can be classified into school-based and stand-alone interventions.
The difference between both interventions will be described, but the focus of the presentation will be on the recently developed and theoretically based stand-alone interventions to combat and prevent cyberbullying. Five stand-alone interventions will be described that are based on theory and tested on effectivity. They are all tailored on personality characteristics, coping strategies and needs and have common core themes, but differ in their development and procedures.
Several lessons can be learned from research on the effectiveness of these five interventions regarding the usefulness of interventions and implementation pitfalls. In the presentation the necessity of tailored advice in interventions and important aspects of the content and the structure of interventions will be discussed, as well as the necessity of guidance. Several recommendations for future interventions will be provided.
Presentation (obstetrics)
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Objective To identify the current situation of rehabilitation awareness, demand for rehabilitation of stroke patients in the communities of Chinese cities, in order to provide reference for rehabilitation education and suitable rehabilitation programs. Methods This community-based survey involving 964 stroke patients from three metropolises assesses rehabilitation awareness, the status of rehabilitation and demands for rehabilitation for stroke patients. Results Of the 964 patients, 33.7%(325) reported that they had received information on stroke rehabilitation and only 10.4%(100) patients were well informed of the topic. Seven hundred and fourteen(74.1%) had been hospitalized and 30.4%(294/964) received acute rehabilitation during hospitalization. Of them, 198(20.5%) patients only received acupuncture and massage or manipulation; 178(18.5%) received physical therapy. After discharge, 35%(250/714) received continuous rehabilitation services. Among the reasons of not receiving rehabilitation services, Don't know rehabilitation therapy was placed on the first rank of all reasons. Most stroke patients(74.3%) preferred to receiving rehabilitation services in the centers of community health service. In fact, only 80(8.3%) received community-based rehabilitation(CBR) after discharge. Conclusion The status of rehabilitation is worse than expected. The lack of awareness is an important barrier to early rehabilitation therapy. The importance of establishing an effective education and rehabilitation program to improve status of rehabilitation for stroke survivors should be emphasized.
Stroke
Rehabilitation counseling
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70% of medication errors occurring in the hospitals are preventable. The study was aimed to document, classify and examine interventions and examine reasons as to why pharmacists initiate changes in drug therapy and the outcomes of interventions, also examine the acceptability of interventions to analyze if intervention study can be a reliable learning process and to identify the areas of weakness in case of ineffective interventions. Interventions were broadly classified into Reactive interventions and Passive interventions. The study was conducted for six months. A total of 470 interventions were recorded in this study. Out of these 470 interventions, 104 were reactive interventions and 366 were passive interventions. Out of 92 outcome assessed interventions, the outcomes were beneficial in (91.30%) and had no effect in (8.70%). Active involvement of clinical pharmacists in the wards helps physicians in taking better therapeutic decisions which highlights areas where clinical pharmacists could prove their skill and knowledge to achieve better patient outcomes.
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The article reviews a ten-year experience with rehabilitation of post-stroke patients accumulated at specialized in- and out-patient rehabilitation centers. The authors present the principles of structuring the recovery process, as well as the main components of rehabilitation programmes, individual methods, and their combination. The ultimate results of rehabilitation treatment are considerably better than those observed following the traditional chemo- and physiotherapy.
Stroke
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老年者急性心筋梗塞例についてリハビリテーション (以下リハビリと略す) の効果, 影響を検討するため, 対照としてリハビリを施行していなかった期間の心筋梗塞群 (リハビリ(-)群) 53人平均77.1歳と, リハビリを組織的に開始後に入院した心筋梗塞群 (リハビリ(+)群) 84人平均76.1歳とに分け, 予後との関連を検討した. リハビリ(+)群を到達リハビリレベルにより分類すると, リハビリ不能群20人, 軽度リハビリ群15人, 歩行訓練群27人, リハビリ終了群22人であった. リハビリレベル別の合併症の頻度の比較では, リハビリ到達レベル高度の群に梗塞後狭心症が多かった. 心不全の有無, 梗塞再発に関しては各群間に有意差はなかった. 退院時運動レベルと梗塞後の合併症との関連を見ると, 狭心症を有する群に於いて有意に運動レベルが高かった. リハビリ(-), (+)の各群の平均3.5年の観察期間中に於いて, 心臓死は各々51%, 41%にのぼった. リハビリ(-)群の平均7.5年の観察期間中, 心臓死は62%であった. リハビリ(+)群の心臓死例26人について, リハビリレベルと生存年数の間にr=0.53 (p<0.01) の正相関が見られた. 梗塞後狭心症を両群で比較するとリハビリ (-) で13%, リハビリ(+)群で42%と, リハビリ(+)群で多かった. 退院時運動能力は, リハビリ (+) 群で高かった. 生命予後の検討では, リハビリ(+)群で生存率が高い傾向があり, 心死率は低い傾向があったが, 有意差は見られなかった.
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Trauma Center
Affect
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Summary The purpose of this article was to review physical activity interventions done with Hispanic American girls and women that were published between 1994 and 2007, and suggest ways of enhancing these interventions. A total of 12 such interventions were found. Majority of the interventions focused on both physical activity and nutrition behaviours. Only half of the interventions were based on a behavioural theory. Social cognitive theory was the most popular theory, which was operationalized by four interventions. The interventions ranged from 3 weeks to 2 years in duration. The impact was not necessarily linked to the length of the intervention. The most popular physical activity that was promoted was walking, which was utilized by four interventions. Most of the interventions utilized a classroom format for imparting instruction in being physically active. All the interventions utilized individual‐level behaviour change as an approach, and none tried to address broader policy and environmental‐level changes. Process evaluation was done by very few interventions and must be done more systematically. In terms of the impact, half of the interventions were successful in influencing the outcomes. Recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in Hispanic American girls and women are presented.
Social Cognitive Theory
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