Genetic similarity among soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) cultivars released in Brazil using AFLP markers
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Abstract:
Genetic similarity among soybean genotypes was studied by applying the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to 317 soybean cultivars released in Brazil from 1962 to 1998. Genetic similarity (GS) coefficients were estimated using the coefficient of Nei and Li (Nei and Li 1979), and the cultivars were clustered using the unweighted pair-group method with averages (UPGMA). The parentage coefficients of 100 cultivars released between 1984 and 1998 were calculated and correlated with the genetic similarity obtained by the markers. The genetic similarity coefficients varied from 0.17 to 0.97 (x = 0.61), with 56.8% of the coefficients being above 0.60 and only 9.7% equal to or less than 0.50. The similarity coefficients have remained constant during the last three decades. Dendrogram interpretation was hindered by the large number of cultivars used, but it was possible to detect groups of cultivars formed as expected from their genealogy. Another dendrogram, composed of 63 cultivars, allowed a better interpretation of the groups. Parentage coefficients among the 100 cultivars varied from zero to one (x = 0.21). However, no significant correlation (r = 0.12) was detected among the parentage coefficients and the AFLP genetic similarity. The results show the efficiency of AFLP markers in large scale studies of genetic similarity and are discussed in relation to soybean breeding in Brazil.Keywords:
Dendrogram
Genetic similarity
UPGMA
Similarity (geometry)
Genetic relationship
Genetic distance
UPGMA
Dendrogram
Genetic similarity
Similarity (geometry)
Primer (cosmetics)
Molecular marker
Genetic distance
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Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) was used to analysis genomic DNA variations and genetic relationships of waxberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.8 of 11 ISSR primers were proved to be polymorphic and informative.Total 58 DNA fragments were amplified and 42 were polymorphic(72.5%).The genetic distance was analysed according ISSR result and a dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA method.All cultivars tested were classified into 5 groups and the excellent individual(Jizaoshu No.1) has a close relationship with 'Xiaoyexidi'.This indicates that there were a wide gene flow and topical isolation between waxberry cultivars of two provinces.Maybe 'Xiaoyexidi' was a parent of 'Jizaoshu No.1'.
UPGMA
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Myrica rubra
Genetic relationship
genomic DNA
Genetic distance
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Eight phenotypically differing apple tree cultivars from the collection of the Agricultural University of Szczecin were analyzed using the ISSR anchored polymerase chain reaction. Out of 30 primers, 11 were chosen for the final study. Those amplified a total of 414 bands out of which 342 (83%) were polymorphic. Specific ISSR products were detected for each apple cultivar. A dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA method which revealed three distinct clusters: I – ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Jerseymac’, II – ‘Katja’ and ‘Lired’, III – ‘Gloster’ and ‘Oliwka śolta’. Similarity within each group was 67.2%, 71.5%, and 63.5%, respectively. ‘Gala’ and ‘Freedom’ constituted a separate group, differing from other cultivars.
Dendrogram
UPGMA
Genetic similarity
Similarity (geometry)
Tree (set theory)
Apple tree
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The genetic diversities of 83 early-maturing litchi(variety) plants were examined by using ISSR markers in this study. Ten primers gave reproducible,polymorphic DNA amplification patterns with a total of 128 amplified bands. The percentage of polymorphic band was 83.59%,which showed that the early-maturing seedling litchi resources in southwest Guangxi had abundant genetic diversity. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.64 to 0.95 based on DICE. A dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA method,and the early-maturing litchi(variety)plants were distinguished from cultivar litchi at a similarity coefficient criterion of 0.75. No significant correlation between the dendrogram and geographical distance was revealed among the resources.
UPGMA
Dendrogram
Similarity (geometry)
Genetic similarity
Genetic relationship
Genetic distance
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DNA profiles from 10 Pakistani wheat genotypes were evaluated for diversity assessment based on RAPD markers. A total of 79 DNA fragments were generated by 10 RAPD primers, with an average of 7.9 bands primer -1 . Of these, 64 fragments (81%) were polymorphic among 10 genotypes. Genetic diversity was evaluated via UPGMA cluster analysis by constructing dendrogram, which were used for the calculation of similarity coefficients between these genotypes. The greatest similarity (95%) was observed between PR-94 and PR-95, whereas PR-96 with PR-90 showed the lowest similarity (60%). Adoption of this technology would be useful to the plant protection regulatory systems, especially for plant variety identification and registration of new plant varieties, breeding programs and protection purposes.
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Dendrogram
Similarity (geometry)
Primer (cosmetics)
Genetic similarity
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22 Auricularia polytricha strains were studied using ISSR(Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat)method and the dendrogram was generated by UPGMA(unweighted pairgroup method with arithmetic average)method based on the similarity coefficient of ISSR patters.12 ISSR primers were screened from 60 tested ISSR primers and 80 distinct and polymorphic DNA bands of tested strains were amplified.Clustering results revealed that 22 accessions could be distinguished using ISSR method,and similarity coefficients ranged from 0.100 to 0.846.All accessions were clustered into 4 groups on the similarity of 0.421,and 3 major varieties in Sichuan province,including Huang er10#,Hupo and 781,had a large genetic distance.
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Dendrogram
Similarity (geometry)
Genetic similarity
Genetic distance
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Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is one of the important legume vegetables in Indonesia. However, genetic information for these plants is still minimalized, especially on Timor Island. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of lima beans from Timor Island based on ISSR molecular markers. A total of 4 accessions of lima beans were analyzed using 3 ISSR primers to produce 15 polymorphic bands with an average of 68.18% polymorphism. The cluster analysis results use the Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) method to create a dendrogram that produces two main clusters. There were plain seed and pattern seed group with a similarity coefficient of 0.52. These results indicated that the genetic variation of the lima beans from Timor Island was high. Moreover, the result provides a sutable method for evaluating the genetic diversity of lima beans using the ISSR marker and important information of future lima bean breeding programs.
UPGMA
Dendrogram
Lima beans
Genetic similarity
Molecular marker
Similarity (geometry)
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Sixteen main varieties of citrus were used as materials for analyzing their genome polymorphism by ISSR markers.The results showed that total 72 bands were generated by nine primers,of which 54 bands were polymorphic bands(the percentage of polymorphic band,PPB=75%).The average number of DNA fragments produced by each primer was eight.Nei similarity coefficients and genetic distances were calculated by using Popgene 1.32 software,and results indicated that Penna and Newhall have the closest relationship among citrus;the dendrogram were constructed by using UPGMA,and the results indicated that 16 citrus materials were divided into four major groups while the genetic distance was 0.76.
UPGMA
Dendrogram
Genetic similarity
Similarity (geometry)
Genetic relationship
Genetic distance
Primer (cosmetics)
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