Postharvest firmness behaviour of near-isogenic lines of melon
L.M.M. TijskensNoelia Dos-SantosM.M. JowkarJavier M. Obando‐UlloaEdgardo MorenoR.E. SchoutenAntonio J. MonforteJ.P. Fernández-Trujillo
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Melon
Cucumis
The cotyledons of 8 melon ( Cucumis melo L.) varieties were used for tissue culture, and the clones were obtained. The results show that the highest frequency shoot regeneration (72%～76%) was obtained on MS medium containing 6 BA0.5mg/L and IAA0.05mg/L.The adventitious shoots transferred into MS medium containing 6 BA0.2mg/L and IAA0.05mg/L and the buds elongated 1～3cm after twenty days. The MS medium with 0.5mg/L NAA or 0.2mg/L IAA was used for rooting and the plantlets produced roots after twenty days. In the test, about 8 regenerated plantlets can be obtained with one seed.
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Cucurbitaceae
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Drought is most important abiotic stress factor responsible for greater yield loss than any other single stress condition in India.Water greatly infl uences the yield and quality of vegetables and thereby drastically reduces productivity including muskmelon.So, correlation study among 40 genotypes of muskmelon was done under different water regimes.The genotypes were sown in polythene bags in four replications for study root and shoot traits.Stress was imposed after germination of seeds by different levels of irrigation per day (50 ml, 25 ml and 0 ml) till 35 days old seedlings.The traits like root fresh weight with root dry weight ( 0.868** and 0.824**, 0.907** and 0.790** 0.896** and 0.837**), root shoot ratio by weight (0.719** and 0.643**, 0.659** and 0.602**, 0.577** and 0.468**) and root length (0.937** and 0.863**, 0.870** and 0.759**, 0.798** and 0.678**) ; root dry weight with root shoot ratio by weight (0.907** and 0.869**, 0.869** and 0.846**, 0.755** and 0.664**) and root length (0.844** and 0.792**, 0.903** and 0.741**, 0.760** and 0.640**); root shoot ratio by weight with root length (0.671** and 0.585**, 0.745** and 0.607**, 0.500** and 0.343**) were positive and signifi cantly correlated with each other at both genotypic and phenotypic level under normal and water stress conditions.Hence selection of anyone of these traits enhances the performances of other traits.
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Melon
Nitrogen fertilizer
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Melon
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Cucumis
Melon
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Shelf-life of fruit is one of the most important traits in melon breeding. Shelf-life of climacteric fruits is closely related with ethylene whose biosynthesis is controlled by ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes. As the first step to develop selection markers for shelf-life in melon (Cucumis melo), microsatellite and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) polymorphisms were analyzed in two ACC synthase genes (CMe-ACS1, CMe-ACS2) and two ACC oxidase genes (CMe-ACO1, CMe-ACO3), resulting in the establishment of six microsatellite and two CAPS markers. Five markers were developed in two genes, CMe-ACS1 and CMe-ACO1, which were expressed during fruit ripening. A highly polymorphic marker was found in CMe-ACS2, where the number of simple sequence repeat of (TA) was highly variable among cultivars, ranging from seven to thirty-seven. Insertion/deletion of (T)n and (A)n was also detected in CMe-ACS2. CAPS and microsatellite markers specific to vars. makuwa and conomon, local varieties in East Asia, were detected in four markers, Acs1-c1, Acs2-ms1, Aco1-ms2 and Aco3-ms1, and could be useful markers for phylogenetic analysis in melon.
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Variation (astronomy)
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The environmental conditions required for the growth and development of oriental melon(Cucumis melo L.) is described and the main oriental melon(Cucumis melo L.) varieties suitable for growing in Helan county in Ningxia and the cultivation technology for them are presented.
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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.
Cucumis
Melon
Plant reproductive morphology
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