Femtosecond synchronization of radio frequency signals with optical pulse trains
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A synchronization scheme for extraction of low-jitter rf signals from optical pulse trains, which is robust against photodetector nonlinearities, is described. The scheme is based on a transfer of timing information into an intensity imbalance of the two output beams from a Sagnac loop. Sub-100-fs timing jitter between the extracted 2-GHz rf signal and the 100-MHz optical pulse train from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser is demonstrated.Keywords:
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By controlling the spectral amplitude, phase and polarization of the femtosecond laser pulse in the frequency domain, a shaped femtosecond laser pulse with almost arbitrary pulse shape in time domain can be obtained, and this femtosecond laser pulse shaping technique provides a new experimental tool to study the nonlinear interaction between light and atoms or molecules. In this paper, we introduce the development history, technical method, control technique and relevant applications of the femtosecond laser pulse shaping technique, and also carry out a prospect on the research trends of this technique.
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We will describe the latest developments in computer controlled femtosecond pulse-shaping. The use of shaped ultrashort waveforms has already yielded new experimental results. 1 Application of programmable femtosecond waveforms for optical control of molecular behaviour has been treated theoretically. 2 The technique involves linear filtering of the spatially dispersed frequency components of an ultrashort pulse. Recollimation of the dispersed beam yields a waveform ‘shaped’ in the time domain. The present results expand on the pioneering works by Weiner, Heritage, and coworkers at Bellcore 3,4 who first demonstrated femtosecond pulse-shaping using these methods.
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We present a simple apparatus for femtosecond laser induced generation of X-rays. The apparatus consists of a vacuum chamber containing an off-axis parabolic focusing mirror, a reel system, a debris protection setup, a quartz window for the incoming laser beam, and an X-ray window. Before entering the vacuum chamber, the femtosecond laser is expanded with an all reflective telescope design to minimize laser intensity losses and pulse broadening while allowing for focusing as well as peak intensity optimization. The laser pulse duration was characterized by second-harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating. A high spatial resolution knife-edge technique was implemented to characterize the beam size at the focus of the X-ray generation apparatus. We have characterized x-ray spectra obtained with three different samples: titanium, iron:chromium alloy, and copper. In all three cases, the femtosecond laser generated X-rays give spectral lines consistent with literature reports. We present a rms amplitude analysis of the generated X-ray pulses, and provide an upper bound for the duration of the X-ray pulses.
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Femtosecond spectral holography is a very important technique of femtosecond pulse shaping, which permits storage, recalling and processing of femtosecond pulse signals. Femtosecond spectral holography technique and new applications of femtosecond pulse shaping with space-time conversion in femtosecond chemistry are presented
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Femtochemistry
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th , 2012 Abstract: The femtosecond pulse shaping technology, which transforms the femtosecond pulse through tempo- ral-spatial conversion to generate various kinds of wave form in need, has been widely applied in the areas including image processing in biomedicine, signalling, femtochemistry, etc. The applications of femtosecond pulse shaping tech- nology in the areas of microscopic imaging, femtochemistry and communications are introduced. The improvement in the results of experiments with the femtosecond pulse shaping technology compared to the former experiments without the technology is found out.
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We discuss techniques allowing to measure the duration of ultrashort laser pulses. In particular, a new method is described, which recovers the phase, amplitude and absolute intensity of femtosecond pulses, allowing to reconstruct the temporal pulse profile with femtosecond resolution. It is based on the spectral analysis, at different time delays, of a probe pulse experiencing cross-phase modulation induced by a pump pulse.
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Rapid advances have taken place in the compression of optical pulses using self phase modulation. Following the first compression of femtosecond pulses to 30 femtoseconds by Shank et al.,1 Fujimoto et al.2 improved upon these results to compress a 70 femtosecond optical pulse to 16 femtoseconds. Shortly after that report, Halbout and Grischkowsky3 compressed a single pulse embedded in a comb of amplified pulses at a repetition rate of 500 Hz. Compression from 110 femtoseconds to 12 femtoseconds was reported. We report the compression of single amplified 40 femtosecond optical pulses to a duration of less than 8 femtoseconds at a repetition rate of 5 kHz. This pulse has a full width half maximum corresponding to 3.8 optical periods.
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In this paper, the jitter performance of two identical commercial femtosecond lasers (Onefive-ORIGAMI) is characterized by using the balanced optical cross-correlators (BOC) method. The measurement result indicates an extremely low timing jitter, <;100 as, for frequencies greater than 1 kHz. This indicates that this type of lasers is well suited for the development of femtosecond timing distribution systems with sub-fs and eventually even sub-100 as precision over km distances, following the work presented.
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Femtosecond laser pulses with new properties have been required for the great progress of femtosecond laser spectroscopy experiments. For example, simultaneous multiple ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses with different frequencies are needed in multicolor pump-probe experiments. Here, we have designed a much more simple and compact system for multicolor femtosecond pulse generation by using cascaded four-wave mixing in a 0.5 mm thick CaF2 plate. Multicolor femtosecond pulses with a sub-10 fs Fourier transform limit pulse width have been obtained by using two oppositely chirped incident pulses. These ultrashort multicolor femtosecond pulses will be used as a new laser source in femtosecond laser spectroscopy.
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Modulated pulse shapes in a dispersive transparent material due to group-velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation, and self-focusing induced by a femtosecond laser light were observed directly with a femtosecond time-resolved imaging technique probing the induced instantaneous birefringence.
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Self-phase modulation
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