Brief Evaluation of Pleasantness of Olfactory and Trigeminal Stimulants
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Objective: To evaluate a brief olfactory test based on pleasantness rating of olfactory and trigeminal stimulants.Keywords:
Olfactometry
Olfactory perception
Nuisance
Olfactometry
Dilution
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In order to compare Method of Triangle Odor Bag with Method of Dynamic Olfactometry in odor concentration of air,we compared the uniformity and difference by using the method of real air sample and least significant difference.The results demonstrated that the Method of Dynamic Olfactometry was in accordance with the Method of Triangle Odor Bag(P0.01),So it is suggested that the Method of Dynamic Olfactometry can be used as a standard method for evaluating odor concentration.
Olfactometry
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Trigeminal Nerve
Olfactory nerve
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Iodinated trihalomethanes (ITHMs) have been usually considered the disinfection byproducts suspected of causing medicinal odor episodes in treated water around the world. The odor threshold concentration (OTC) of mixed ITHMs (bromochloroiodo-, bromodiiodo-, chlorodiiodo-, dibromoiodo-, and dichloroiodomethane) which were previously synthesized because commercial standards are not available were determined by using two sensory techniques: flavor profile analysis (FPA), performed by an experienced panel trained in identifying odors and tastes in water; and gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry (GCO). FPA results gave a theoretical OTCs range from 0.1 to 8.9 μg/L and ITHMs were described as sweet, solvent, and medicinal products. The lowest experimental value (OTCexp) obtained from the six ITHMs, 0.03 μg/L, corresponded to iodoform. Keywords: Flavor profile analysis; gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry; iodinated trihalomethanes; odor; odor threshold concentration; panel; treated water
Olfactometry
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Volatile organic compounds of the vehicle interior are well investigated, but only limited information is available on the odorants of the passenger cabin. To close this gap, we aimed at specifically elucidating the odor, as a general proof of principle, of two new cars with different seat upholstery in a controlled environment using a targeted odorant analysis. In a first step, odor profiles were evaluated by a descriptive sensory analysis. Then, potent odorants of the passenger cabins were characterized by gas chromatography-olfactometry and ranked according to their odor potency via odor extract dilution analysis. Using this approach, 41 potent odorants were detected, and 39 odorants were successfully identified by two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry. In a third step, important odorants of the vehicle interior were quantified by means of internal standard addition. The most dominant odorants could be assigned to several specific substance classes comprising esters, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated ketones, rose ketones, phenolic and benzene derivatives, and pyrazines, occurring in a concentration range between 0.05 and 219 ng/L in air. Of these potent odorants, the aldehydes 2-butylhept-2-enal, 2-propyloct-2-enal, and (Z)-2-butyloct-2-enal are reported here for the first time as odorants in the environment of a passenger cabin.
Olfactometry
Olfactometer
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Olfactometry
Barn
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Livestock odor characterization is one of the most challenging analytical tasks. This is because odor-causing gases are often present at very low concentrations in a complex matrix of less important or irrelevant gases. The objective of this project was to develop a set of characteristic reference odors from a swine barn in Iowa, and in the process identify compounds causing characteristic swine odor. Odor samples were collected using a novel sampling methodology consisting of clean steel plates exposed inside and around the swine barn for up to one week. Steel plates were then transported to the laboratory and stored in clean jars. Headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to extract characteristic odorants collected on the plates. All analyses were conducted on a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)-Olfactometry system where the human nose is used as a detector simultaneously with chemical analysis via MS. The effects of sampling time, distance from a source, and the presence of particulate matter (PM) on the abundance of specific gases, odor intensity, and odor character were tested. Steel plates were effectively able to collect key volatile compounds and odorants. The abundance of specific gases and odor was amplified when plates collected PM. The results of this research indicate that PM is major carrier of odor and several key swine odorants. Three odor panelists were consistent in identifying p-cresol as closely resembling characteristic swine odor as well as attributing the largest odor response out of the samples to p-cresol. Further research is warranted to determine how the control of PM emissions from swine housing could affect odor emissions.
Barn
Olfactometry
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Electronic Nose
Ractopamine
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A case of phantom smelling (phantosmia) is described in a 28-yr.-old man who developed permanent bilateral anosmia after a serious injury to olfaction-related brain structures at the age of 25 years. The findings indicate that, even years after loss of input from olfactory receptors, the neural representation of olfactory perception can still recreate olfactory sensations without any conscious recall of them. This indicates that the neural representation of olfactory sensations remains functional and implies that neuronal activity in the olfactory organ or in other brain structures gives rise to olfactory experiences perceived as originating from the perception of original odor substances. The report suggests the intriguing possibility that the olfactory perception is not a passive process that merely reflects its normal input from the olfactory system but is continuously generated by a neural representation in the olfactory organ or in other olfaction-related brain structures, based on both genetic and sensory determinants. To the author's knowledge this is the first reported case of its kind.
Anosmia
Olfactory memory
Olfactory perception
Representation
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Identification and Odor Generation Pattern of Odor-Causing Compounds in Digested Biosolids During Long-Term StorageThe main objective of this research was to identify the compounds responsible for persistent odors in biosolids during long-term storage using olfactometry measurements and to determine their generation pattern with regard to time of appearance and decline using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Headspace analysis was used to quantify shortterm odor-causing organic sulfur compounds and...Author(s)Ritika KackerJohn T. NovakMatthew J. HigginsSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 99: Biosolids StabilizationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:9L.6409;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802766731Volume / Issue2011 / 9Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)6409 - 6429Copyright2011Word count167Subject keywordsBiosolidsOdorsbutyric acidp-cresolindoleskatoleanaerobic digestiondewatering
Biosolids
Olfactometry
Identification
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Olfactometry
Aroma of wine
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