Antibiotic resistance, plasmid content and auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Greece
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Abstract:
The antibiotic resistance pattern, the plasmid content and the auxotypes of 27 PPNG and 200 non-PPNG isolates obtained in 1984–1985 were examined. The incidence of PPNG strains was 6·9% in 1984 and 70% in 1985. Among the four well-known plasmid patterns, the most frequent was the combination of 4·5 and 2·6 Mdal plasmids. The strains with the Asian-type (4·5 Mdal) plasmid belonged to the auxotypes Pro and Zero, whereas those with the African type (3·2 Mdal) plasmid were of auxotypes Zero, Arg and Pro, Arg. All PPNG strains exhibited reduced sensitivity at least to one of the other antibiotics tested (cefotaxime, specti-nomycin, thiamphenicol, tetracycline). Among non-PPNG strains, 19% harboured the conjugative and the cryptic plasmid, 67·5% only the cryptic, 1% only the conjugative and 12% were plasmid-free. The most frequent auxotypes of non-PPNG strains were Zero (65·5%) and Pro (21%), while the uncommon auxotype Pro, Arg°, Ura was found only in plasmid-free strains with reduced sensitivity to penicillin. Susceptibility testing revealed a large number of non-PPNG strains with decreased sensitivity to antibiotics, the Pro and Zero isolates being less sensitive than those of other auxotypes.Keywords:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Thiamphenicol
Neisseriaceae
A DNA probe test for the culture confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical isolates was evaluated with 156 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and 120 isolates of nongonococcal Neisseria species, organisms representative of other genera within the family Neisseriaceae, and organisms isolated on media selective for N. gonorrhoeae. The 30-min test used a chemiluminescent DNA probe that was homologous to rRNA sequences of N. gonorrhoeae. We report here a specificity and a sensitivity of 100% with the 276 clinical isolates tested, including 43 gonococcal strains that had been misidentified by other methods.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseriaceae
Neisseria
Molecular probe
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Resistance to penicillin and tetracycline occurs in Neisseria gonorrhoeae yet the biochemical mechanism is unknown. Binding of [14C]-penicillin and absorption of [3H]-tetracycline were assayed in the range of minimum inhibitory concentration levels, to compare sensitive and multiple drug resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Levels for both drugs were significantly higher in the sensitive strains. However, the effect of temperature differential on drug concentration pattern indicated that interference on the part of the resistant cell for penicillin related to passive diffusion and for tetracycline to facilitated diffusion. Thus, resistance in common to penicillin and tetracycline does not appear to rely on the outer membrane in N. gonorrhoeae.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseriaceae
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Of 118 patients infected with beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae treated with cefotaxime 0.5 g, 95 returned for at least one assessment. There were no failures to eradicate genital or rectal infection, but three of four patients with pharyngeal infection failed to respond.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonococcal infection
Neisseriaceae
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The reliability of an rRNA-derived oligonucleotide probe for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was tested with 187 N. gonorrhoeae isolates, 81 Neisseria meningitidis isolates, and several strains of other bacterial species. The probe proved to be 100% specific and 100% sensitive. N. gonorrhoeae cells could also be reliably identified in contaminated cultures with the oligonucleotide probe. The 2.6-megadalton cryptic plasmid used as a probe for N. gonorrhoeae was shown to be less sensitive, detecting 179 of 181 N. gonorrhoeae isolates.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseriaceae
Oligomer restriction
Molecular probe
Neisseria
Gonococcal infection
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The lipopolysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined by electrophoresis after whole-cell lysis and proteinase K digestion. The banding patterns observed from clinical isolates and laboratory strains demonstrated lipopolysaccharide which included a small number of smooth high-molecular-weight molecules as well as the previously reported lower-molecular-weight rough lipopolysaccharide.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseriaceae
Proteinase K
Neisseria
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A group of 50 men with uncomplicated gonococcal infections were treated with single, oral doses of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol. Reexamination, which included culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was performed three to four days and seven days after treatment. Thirty-two (91%) of 35 men with urethral infections, 13 (87%) of 15 with rectal infections, and four (57%) of seven with pharyngeal infections were cured. None of the men from whom N. gonorrhoeae was reisolated admitted further sexual exposure. Treatment failure did not correlate with decreased sensitivity of the isolates to thiamphenicol in vitro. Three men had urethral infections with Chlamydia trachomatis before therapy, and the organism was reisolated after therapy in every case. No hematologic abnormalities occurred in any of the 50 patients treated with thiamphenicol, but 13 (26%) developed adverse gastrointestinal symptoms.
Thiamphenicol
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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A problem isolate resembling Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis is reported. Growth and biochemical characteristics indicated the organism to be N. meningitidis, whereas serological characteristics indicated it to be N. gonorrhoeae. This vaginal isolate may be a genetically transformed gonococcus with the ability to utilize maltose. Conversely, it may be a meningococcus which has acquired antigenic determinants of N. gonorrhoeae.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseriaceae
Neisseria
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Susceptibility to thiamphenicol was tested, and plasmids were characterized for 1925 strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) isolated in The Netherlands in 1981 and 1982. Of the 1925 isolates, 771 harbored the so-called "Asia" (4.5-megadalton) resistance plasmid and 1154 had the so called "Africa" (3.2-megadalton) plasmid. Isolates in the first group were usually inhibited by 0.25 microgram of thiamphenicol ml, while the MIC for the latter isolates was 1-2 micrograms/ml. A similar bimodal distribution of MICs has been observed for non-PPNG isolates. In the period covering this study, a substantial shift from predominance of the "Africa" type to that of the "Asia" type of N. gonorrhoeae was observed.
Thiamphenicol
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseriaceae
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One hundred and two patients with an uncomplicated infection due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were treated with a single 1 g dose of cefotaxime. At follow-up within 15 days all genital and rectal infections were cured. Pharyngeal infections also seemed to respond to this treatment. A relatively high proportion (30.9%) of patients, however, developed post-gonococcal urethritis.
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Neisseria
Neisseriaceae
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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