Thermal Stability and Sublimation Pressures of Some Ruthenocene Compounds
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Abstract:
We set out to study the use of a series of ruthenocenes as possible and promising sources for ruthenium and/or ruthenium oxide film formation.The thermal stability of a series of ruthenocenes, including (η5-C5H4R)(η5-C5H4R´)Ru (1), R = R´ = H (3), R = H, R´ = CH2NMe2 (5), R = H, R´= C(O)Me (6), R = R´ = C(O)Me (7), R = H, R´ = C(O)(CH2)3CO2H (8), R = H, R´ = C(O)(CH2)2CO2H (9), R = H, R´ = C(O)(CH2)3CO2Me (10), R = H, R´= C(O)(CH2)2CO2Me (11), R = R´ = SiMe3), (η5-C4H3O-2,4-Me2)2Ru (2), and (η5-C5H5-2,4-Me2)2Ru (4) was studied by thermogravimetry. From these studies, it could be concluded that 1–4, 6 and 9–11 are the most thermally stable molecules. The sublimation pressure of these sandwich compounds was measured using a Knudsen cell. Among these, the compound 11 shows the highest vapor pressure.Keywords:
Ruthenocene
Sublimation
Thermogravimetry
Ruthenium oxide
Thermal Stability
The vapor pressure of zinc has been measured using Knudsen's effusion method. The temperature-vapor pressure relation was found to be log10pmm=(−6688/T)+8.888 in the range 300°—360°C. These results are about 20 percent higher than those previously reported. It is suggested that this difference may be attributed principally to the omission of a probability factor by earlier workers.
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Sublimation
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A twin Knudsen apparatus for the measurement of vapor pressures is described. The apparatus has been employed in the temperature range 1140–1412°K, using approximately one milligram samples of PuF3, AmF3 and Am metal. Radiometric assay of condensed effusates yielded vapor pressure data in the range ∼5×10−7 mm to ∼2×10−3 mm that were internally consistent within a mean deviation of ±5 percent. The apparatus is particularly suitable for the determination of small differences in vapor pressure of similar substances.
Knudsen flow
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Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 1 Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases (1974)
A fast and efficient mass spectrometric—Knudsen effusion method for the determination of heats of sublimation of organic compounds is introduced. The heats of sublimation of a number of organic compounds have been determined by this method and compared with values given in the literature where possible. Agreement between the values obtained here and those reported elsewhere is very good.
Sublimation
Enthalpy of sublimation
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Sublimation
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A new apparatus with Knudsen effusion method especially designed for the vapour pressure measurements of dioxin congeners and other POPs is described. Crystalline benzoic acid and anthracene were first used to test the new designed apparatus. The vapour pressure and enthalpy results of the two reference compounds were found in good agreement with accepted literature data. The vapour pressure and enthalpy results of crystalline DD, DF, OCDD and OCDF determined with the new apparatus are presented, and compared with the literature data measured with other methods.
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Vapor and sublimation pressures of three n-alkanes C20, C24, and C28 have been determined using a modified gas saturation method. The obtained pressure values range from 10−5 Pa to 5.5 Pa. From the temperature dependence of the vapor pressures, the molar enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation at the mean temperature of the experimental range were derived from the Clausius−Clapeyron equation. From these results, the standard enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation at T = 298.15 K were calculated.
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