Delayed profound local brain hypothermia markedly reduces interleukin-1β gene expression and vasogenic edema development in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage
K. R. WagnerShauna BeilerChristian R. BeilerJ. M. KirkmanKenneth R. CaseyTim RobinsonDonald J. LarnardGabrielle M. de Courten‐MyersMichael J. LinkeMario Zuccarello
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Proinflammatory cytokine
Cerebral edema
Brain Edema
Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-9 in rat brain of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),and to study the correlation MMP-9 and brain edema.Methods ICH rat model was made by stereotactic technique,and sham injections served as controls.We measured brain water content,and MMP-9 expression after ICH.Results The brain edema and MMP-9 expression reached the maximum after ICH form 24 h to 72 h.There are marked differences compared with the sham.Conclusion The expression of MMP-9 at higher level and brain edema formation were synchronization at progress.MMP-9 were the key substance which induced the brain edema.
Brain Edema
Cerebral edema
Rat model
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Perihematomal edema is common after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. It is one of the important causes influencing functional recovery. This article reviews the mechanisms of perihematomal brain edema formation after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, particularly, the potential mechanisms of hypertension in the processes of brain edema formation, as well as therapeutic targets of brain edema.
Key words:
intracerebral hemorrhage; hypertension; brain edema; treatment
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Objective:To explore the effects of rhEPO on brain edema and HIF-1α in rats intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) .Method:A total of 152 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,and 18 groups of the 3rd,6th,12th,24th,48th,72ndh and 7th,14th,21std after ICH and ICH+rhEPO respectively. There were 8 rats in each group. The model of ICH was established in rats by intracerebral injection of autogenous blood.In ICH +rhEPO groups rhEPO was injected(IP) everyday after ICH. The expressions of HIF-1α in rats brain tissue around hematoma were detected with SP immunohistochemical method. The expressions of HIF-1α were compared with the degree of brain edema at different time points after ICH and ICH +rhEPO.Result:The water contents of brain tissue in ICH+rhEPO group were lower than that in ICH groups. The rates of HIF-1α in ICH+rhEPO groups were less than that in ICH groups.Conclusion:rhEPO can significantly reduce brain edema and the HIF-1α rhEPO can protect the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Autologous blood
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Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) of animals model.Methods:ICH rat model was made by stereotactic technology, and sham injections served as controls. We measured brain water content, and GFAP expression after ICH.Results: The measured results show that the brain edema achieves the peak value 48 hours after ICH. The brain edema is statistically significantly higher than that of the comparison group (P0.05). The number of the masculine cells with obvious GFAP immunity reaction around haematoma area was observed to achieve the highest at 6 hours and the lowest at 72 hour after ICH. Seven days after ICH, the quantity of masculine cells increased significantly comparing to that after 72 hours (P0.05) but less than the quantity after 6 hours (P0.05). The ICH group of those masculine cells with the comparison group at different times demonstrates the validation of this study method statistically (P0.05).Conclusion: The GFAP reactions in intracerebral hemorrhage area are highly related to brain edema, indicating that astrocyte plays a pivotal role in the pathological change of intracerebral hemorrhage. It either restrains or expedites the reparation of the intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Peri
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Objective To observe the effect of Annaopingchongtang on brain water content and matrix metalloproteinase -2/9(MMP-2/9) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in rats.Methods Established cerebral hemorrhage model in rats by local injection of typeⅣcollagenase.The brain water content and the express of MMP-2/9 were observed after intracerebral hemorrhage at different time point(12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,120 h) in different group(sham operation group,model group and therapy group).Results(1)Brain water content:compared with sham operation group,the brain water content in model group was higher group(P0.05),while the treatment group was lower than model group(P0.05).Compared with ICH model group,the brain water content of therapy group is decreased.(2) MMP-2/9 level:the expression of MMP-2 were decreased from 24 to 120 h(P0.05),and there were no difference at 12 h(P0.05),the expression of MMP-9 was decreased at 24 h,48 hand120 h(P0.05 ),there were no difference at 12 h and 72 h(P0.05 ).Conclusion Annaopingchongtang can be helpful for reducing the expression of MMP-2/9 and release brain edema in ICH rats.
Brain Edema
Cerebral edema
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AIM:To explore the effect of rhEPO on hif-1 and brain edema in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). METHODS: One hundred rats were randomly divided into pseudooperation group and groups of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h and 7, 14 and 21 d after ICH (n=5, each group). The model of ICH was established in rats by intracerebral injection of autogenous blood. The expressions of HIF-1α in rat tissue around the hemorrhagic and the normal brain tissue were detected with SP immunohistochemical method. The expression rate of HIF-1α was compared with the degree of brain edema at different time points after ICH. TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis.RESULTS: The water content in rhEPO group was lower than that in intracerebral hemorrhage groups. The rate of hif-1 in rhEPO group was lower than that in intracerebral hemorrhage groups. CONCLUSION: Apoptosis in rat brain tissue around the damaged areas after ICH is associated with activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and brain edema. rhEPO significantly reduces brain edema and the rate of the hif-1, thus protecting the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Autologous blood
Brain tissue
Hypoxia
Cerebral edema
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Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on HIF-1α expression and brain edema in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Eighty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, ICH group and HBO group. Then ICH group and HBO group were divided into 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d subgroups. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the levels of HIF-1α. The water content in rat brains was detected to determine the effects of HBO on the expression of HIF-1α in brain after intracerebral hemorrhage. Results Compared with sham group, the water content in ICH group and HBO group were significantly increased (P0.05), and the levels of HIF-1α were also significantly increased (P0.05). There were statistically significant difference in the levels of HIF-1α between ICH group and HBO group on the 14th day after intracerebral hemorrhage (P0.05). There were a positive correlation between the levels of water content and HIF-1α labeling index in ICH group (P0.05), while a negative correlation in HBO group (P0.05). Conclusion The expression of HIF-1α may be involved in the formation of brain edema after ICH. HBO retreatment may inhibit the expression of HIF-1α and reduce the formation of brain edema.
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Aim: To study the influence of lysed erythrocyte on brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods: The rats in 3 groups were established intracerebral hemorrhage model and 50 μl normal saline,the autologous blood,and lysed erythrocytes were injected into the basal ganglia, respectively.Results: The content of brain water and Evans blue,the mumber of HO-1 positive cells and apoptosis cells had significant difference among the 3 groups(P0.05). Conclusion: Autologous lysed erythrocyte could cause a series of pathological changes after cerebral hemorrhage.It plays an important role in brain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.
Brain Edema
Evans Blue
Autologous blood
Cerebral edema
Basal (medicine)
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Aim:To investegate the characteristics of brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats and provide theoretic basis for therapy or illness evaluation in intracerebral hemorrhage patients.Methods:The model of caudate nucleus hemorrhage in rats was established.The changes of brain water content in different regions and time as 1,2,3,5,7 days after intracerebral hemorrhage were measured by the wet and dry weight methods,the result was compared with the normal rats.Results:As shown in the isilateral basal ganglia and isilateral cortex,the marked increase of brain water content was within 24 h after intracerebral hemorrhage,the peak at 3 days,and the brain edema did not disappear after 7 days,while in the contralateral basal ganglia and contralateral cortex there was no significant increase in brain water content.Conclusion:The formation of brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats was within 24 h ,its peak at 3 days.The brain edema in the intracerebral hemorrhage patients should be treated as soon as possible.
Brain Edema
Caudate nucleus
Basal (medicine)
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