A general route to protected quaternary α-amino acids from β-amino alcohols via a stereocontrolled radical approach
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A radical-based approach facilitates the highly stereocontrolled functionalisation of β-amino alcohols, opening up a new, generally applicable methodology for the preparation of quaternary α-amino acids.Keywords:
Protein quaternary structure
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The three major sections of this volume include six chapters describing the regional Quaternary geology of Canada, two describing the Quaternary geology and climatic history of Greenland, and six that review applied Quaternary geology in Canada, including chapters on paleobotanical analysis, geodynamics, geomorphic processes, terrain geochemistry, Quaternary resources, and the influence of the Quaternary on the present environment. Of the five accompanying plates, three depict eleven stages of Quaternary paleogeographic change between 18,000 B.P. and 5,000 B.P.; one depicts the retreat of the ice from between 18,000 B.P. and the Recent; and another reviews the status of Quaternary geologic mapping in Canada, with an extensive bibliography on the back.
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The three major sections of this volume include six chapters describing the regional Quaternary geology of Canada, two describing the Quaternary geology and climatic history of Greenland, and six that review applied Quaternary geology in Canada, including chapters on paleobotanical analysis, geodynamics, geomorphic processes, terrain geochemistry, Quaternary resources, and the influence of the Quaternary on the present environment. Of the five accompanying plates, three depict eleven stages of Quaternary paleogeographic change between 18,000 B.P. and 5,000 B.P.; one depicts the retreat of the ice from between 18,000 B.P. and the Recent; and another reviews the status of Quaternary geologic mapping in Canada, with an extensive bibliography on the back.
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Applications of Glacial, Periglacial and Quaternary Research Quaternary Environments Marine Aggregates and their Quaternary Origin Engineering in Quaternary Sediments Problems of Permafrost Engineering Quaternary Deposits and Groundwater Pollution Pollen-Climate Response Holocene Lake Sediments Sea-Level Changes.
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The three major sections of this volume include six chapters describing the regional Quaternary geology of Canada, two describing the Quaternary geology and climatic history of Greenland, and six that review applied Quaternary geology in Canada, including chapters on paleobotanical analysis, geodynamics, geomorphic processes, terrain geochemistry, Quaternary resources, and the influence of the Quaternary on the present environment. Of the five accompanying plates, three depict eleven stages of Quaternary paleogeographic change between 18,000 B.P. and 5,000 B.P.; one depicts the retreat of the ice from between 18,000 B.P. and the Recent; and another reviews the status of Quaternary geologic mapping in Canada, with an extensive bibliography on the back.
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The three major sections of this volume include six chapters describing the regional Quaternary geology of Canada, two describing the Quaternary geology and climatic history of Greenland, and six that review applied Quaternary geology in Canada, including chapters on paleobotanical analysis, geodynamics, geomorphic processes, terrain geochemistry, Quaternary resources, and the influence of the Quaternary on the present environment. Of the five accompanying plates, three depict eleven stages of Quaternary paleogeographic change between 18,000 B.P. and 5,000 B.P.; one depicts the retreat of the ice from between 18,000 B.P. and the Recent; and another reviews the status of Quaternary geologic mapping in Canada, with an extensive bibliography on the back.
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A comprehensive analysis of the quaternary features of distantly related homo-oligomeric proteins is the focus of the current study. This study has been performed at the levels of quaternary state, symmetry, and quaternary structure. Quaternary state and quaternary structure refers to the number of subunits and spatial arrangements of subunits, respectively. Using a large dataset of available 3D structures of biologically relevant assemblies, we show that only 53% of the distantly related homo-oligomeric proteins have the same quaternary state. Considering these homologous homo-oligomers with the same quaternary state, conservation of quaternary structures is observed only in 38% of the pairs. In 36% of the pairs of distantly related homo-oligomers with different quaternary states the larger assembly in a pair shows high structural similarity with the entire quaternary structure of the related protein with lower quaternary state and it is referred as "Russian doll effect." The differences in quaternary state and structure have been suggested to contribute to the functional diversity. Detailed investigations show that even though the gross functions of many distantly related homo-oligomers are the same, finer level differences in molecular functions are manifested by differences in quaternary states and structures. Comparison of structures of biological assemblies in distantly and closely related homo-oligomeric proteins throughout the study differentiates the effects of sequence divergence on the quaternary structures and function. Knowledge inferred from this study can provide insights for improved protein structure classification and function prediction of homo-oligomers. Proteins 2016; 84:1190–1202. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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The three major sections of this volume include six chapters describing the regional Quaternary geology of Canada, two describing the Quaternary geology and climatic history of Greenland, and six that review applied Quaternary geology in Canada, including chapters on paleobotanical analysis, geodynamics, geomorphic processes, terrain geochemistry, Quaternary resources, and the influence of the Quaternary on the present environment. Of the five accompanying plates, three depict eleven stages of Quaternary paleogeographic change between 18,000 B.P. and 5,000 B.P.; one depicts the retreat of the ice from between 18,000 B.P. and the Recent; and another reviews the status of Quaternary geologic mapping in Canada, with an extensive bibliography on the back.
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Physical geography of South America quaternary tectonics of South America quaternary volcanism in South America characteristics of the quaternary volcanic zones quaternary of the alluvial basins structure and quaternary stratigraphy quaternary of the alluvial basins aeolian features - paleoclimate quaternary of the South American Highlands - Highlands of the Brazilian Shield quaternary of the South American Highlands - case studies in Southeast Brazil Campos de Jordao and Serra de Itatiaia quaternary of the South American Highlands the Northern and Southern Highlands the glaciers and glacial landforms of South America late Cenozoic glacial history of the Andes - late Miocene-Middle Pleistocene, the late quaternary (isotope stages 7-3), the last glaciation maximum (isotope stage 2), the late-glacial and holocene quaternary gravel formations of southern South America quaternary palaeolakes of the arid regions of South America quaternary geocryogenic features of South America and the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) quaternary of the South American coasts quaternary palnological studies in South America - pre-quaternary-late-quaternary, the last glaciation palaeoecology of the late-glacial and holocene intervals the quaternary of South America - overview and implications.
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This paper studys system of quaternary sience in the light of systen science's regulation ,and establishes theory quaternary, technology quaternary and applied quaternary .On this background, applied quaternary research's the object, content and nature is discussed in this paper .
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Marginal faults of the five petroliferous basins in the west of China all up-thrust to the top. Pre-Quaternary strata thrust over Quaternary sediments, indicating that the petroliferous basins in the west of China and the surrounding older mountains were formed in Quaternary period. Because the basins were formed with the formation of compressive anticlines in the Quaternary structural layers, natural gas has been successfully found in the Quaternary structures in the Chaidamu basin. Therefore, attention should be paid to Quaternary oil and gas pools. The following four conclusions are given:
(1)The five large petroliferous basins in the west of China were formed in Quaternary.
(2)Quaternary anticlinal structure was made by Quaternary compressive structural force.
(3)Quaternary oil and gas pools of Chaidamu basin are self-generating and self-storage type.
(4)Even if there are no conditions to generate oil in the Quaternary, the following phenomenon should be taken into account that after pre-Quaternary oil and gas pools were destroyed by faults, the oil and gas could have migrated into Quaternary structural layers to form secondary oil and gas pools. So, we should pay attention to explorations of Quaternary oil and gas.
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