Effects of organic acid catalysts on the hydrogen generation from NaBH4
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Sodium borohydride
Malic acid
Borohydride
Organic acid
Hydrogen storage in solid-state materials is believed to be a most promising hydrogen-storage technology for high efficiency, low risk and low cost. Mg(BH4)2 is regarded as one of most potential materials in hydrogen storage areas in view of its high hydrogen capacities (14.9 wt% and 145–147 kg cm−3). However, the drawbacks of Mg(BH4)2 including high desorption temperatures (about 250 °C–580 °C), sluggish kinetics, and poor reversibility make it difficult to be used for onboard hydrogen storage of fuel cell vehicles. A lot of researches on improving the dehydrogenation reaction thermodynamics and kinetics have been done, mainly including: additives or catalysts doping, nanoconfining Mg(BH4)2 in nanoporous hosts, forming reactive hydrides systems, multi-cation/anion composites or other derivatives of Mg(BH4)2. Some favorable results have been obtained. This review provides an overview of current research progress in magnesium borohydride, including: synthesis methods, crystal structures, decomposition behaviors, as well as emphasized performance improvements for hydrogen storage.
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It is shown that treatment of periodate oxycelluloses with aqueous sodium borohydride greatly diminishes their reducing power (copper number) and their fluidity in cuprammonium. These results show that the aldehyde groups in the oxycelluloses are reduced by the borohydride, and that the reduction leads to the stabilization of linkages that were rendered alkalisensitive by the presence of the aldehyde groups. The effects of varying the pH, the temperature, and the reagent concentration in the borohydride treatment have been investigated, and optimum conditions for the reduction are suggested.
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Magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2) shows interesting properties both from fundamental and applicative points of view. Mg(BH4)2 has the most complex crystal structures and the largest number of phase polymorphs among other borohydrides. Some of these polymorphs possess a significant porosity, and on the other hand ultra-density with the second highest volumetric hydrogen content among all known hydrides. Additionally, Mg(BH4)2 demonstrates the lowest theoretical stability, the lowest temperature of hydrogen release, and the mildest conditions for partial rehydrogenation among the alkali and alkaline-earth borohydrides. Mg(BH4)2 could also be of interest in batteries applications, since Mg metal holds better volumetric capacity and is more abundant than Li. In this work we review recent results on synthesis, structure, hydrogen storage properties and battery-related applications of Mg(BH4)2.
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Magnesium borohydride Mg(BH4)2,having gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities of 14.9 wt.% and 112g/L,respectively,is considered as one of the most promising materials for hydrogen storage.Extensive investigations have been paid on this complex hydride in the past few years.We summarized research progresses on the synthesis,crystal structure and hydrogen storage performance of Mg(BH4)2 in this paper.Pending issues,such as kinetic barrier and reversibility of hydrogen storage in Mg(BH4)2,were discussed,and further development of this storage material was suggested.
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A single phase Mg(BH4)2 was successfully synthesized and its hydrogen storage properties were systematically investigated. Depending on the synthesis conditions, Mg(BH4)2 forms low- and high-temperature phases with different crystal structures. The dehydriding reaction of Mg(BH4)2 starts at approximately 500 K, and 14.4 mass% of hydrogen is released through a multi-step reaction. Furthermore, 6.1 mass% of hydrogen can be rehydrided for the sample of Mg(BH4)2 after the dehydriding reaction, through the formation of a possible intermediate compound such as MgB12H12.
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