Short- and Long-term Effects of a Physical Exercise Intervention on Work Ability and Work Strain in Symptomatic Menopausal Women
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Physical exercise during leisure time is known to increase physical capacity; however, the long-term effects on work ability and work strain are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month physical exercise program on work ability and work strain after 6 months and 30 months, among women with menopausal symptoms at baseline.A questionnaire including questions on work ability and work strain was mailed in the beginning, at 6 months and after 30 months after the intervention to occupationally active women participating in a randomized controlled study on physical exercise and quality of life. The intervention included aerobic exercise training 4 times per week, 50 minutes per session. Work ability was measured with the Work Ability Index (WAI) and with questions about physical and mental work strain.Women aged 47-62 years (N = 89) who were occupationally active at baseline were included in the analyses. The increase in WAI from baseline to the end of the exercise intervention (6 months) was statistically significantly greater among the intervention group than among the control group (regression coefficient 2.08; 95% confidence interval 0.71-3.46). The difference between the groups persisted for 30 months. No significant short- or long-term effects on physical and mental work strain were found.A 6-month physical exercise intervention among symptomatic menopausal women had positive short-term as well as long-term effects on work ability.Keywords:
Physical exercise
Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic Exercise
Stimulus (psychology)
Aerobic capacity
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Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic capacity
Locus of control
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Timing of intervention is crucial, and different timings of intervention may lead to diametrically opposite outcomes. This chapter describes the relationship between disease risk, intervener, and interventions and the timing of intervention. The relationship between disease risk and intervention timing is to explain how to grasp the timing of intervention according to the disease risk through different stages of the development of the same disease. In the section of interveners and intervention timing, two examples are used to elaborate how interveners influence intervention timing. In the section of intervention means and intervention timing, two examples are also used to illustrate the importance of choosing intervention timing according to the fit of interveners and interventions.
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Little is known about factors that modify the effectiveness of exercise interventions in increasing exercise. We aimed to identify moderators of the effectiveness of aerobic exercise intervention in maintaining increased aerobic exercise among older individuals.The participants of a 4-year randomized controlled trial were a population sample of 1410 men and women aged 57 to 78 years. The aerobic exercise group included 185 individuals and the control group included 169 individuals who reported low aerobic exercise at baseline. Maintained increase in aerobic exercise was defined as at least 60-minute increase in moderate-to-heavy aerobic exercise per week from baseline to 2- and 4-year assessments.Individuals in the aerobic exercise group were 2.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 3.9) times more likely to maintain increased aerobic exercise than those in the control group. Individuals aged < 68.5 years but not older individuals succeeded in maintaining increased aerobic exercise in the intervention group (P = .02 for interaction). Individuals who were past smokers (P = .02 for interaction), were working (P = .05 for interaction), or had symptoms of depression (P = .05 for interaction) succeeded better in maintaining increased aerobic exercise in the intervention group than other individuals.These findings help in more precise targeting of future exercise interventions among older individuals.
Aerobic Exercise
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Aerobic exercise is currently the safest sport for both young and old people. This is because aerobic training provides tiered and targeted training and acts specifically on several muscles. The general purpose of aerobic exercise isto train the body to exercise without stress and excessive psychological disturbances. Then, aerobic exercise is also done in stages such as stretching, strength, and balance of various types of muscle and joint flexibility exercises. This is very useful for the elderly to avoid injury during aerobic training and is able to reduce the psychological disorders that are often experienced by the elderly. In this review, we conclude that aerobic exercise can have a good impact especially on stress levels on quality of life in the elderly.
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The incidence of hypertension has recently shown a significant increase in young people, with aerobic exercise intervention being recognized as an effective approach to decrease blood pressure (BP). However, BP response to aerobic exercise can be highly individualized, and no research has been conducted on predicting the effect of aerobic exercise intervention for reducing BP in young hypertensive patients. In this work, we use the data generated from a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in young hypertensive patients (before aerobic exercise intervention) to derive information from multiple cardiopulmonary metabolic indices. The data, presented as time series, are then analyzed by a machine learning method to predict the effect of aerobic exercise intervention in lowering BP. This study provides several novel insights for making personalized aerobic exercise intervention programs for young adults with stage I hypertension.
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In a post hoc analysis, we quantified the risk of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) associated with different volumes of aerobic exercise in a randomized trial. Premenopausal women (n = 119) were randomized to one of three groups: low-dose aerobic exercise (150 min·per week), high-dose aerobic exercise (300 min·per week) or control (usual activity) for 5 months. Compared to the control group, the risk of reporting an acute MSI increased with higher volumes of aerobic exercise, with a similar pattern observed for recurrent MSI. The risk of reporting an MSI severe enough to impair activities of daily living did not increase with higher volumes of aerobic exercise. Approximately half of MSI were causally attributed to aerobic exercise. The risk of experiencing an acute or recurrent MSI increases with higher volumes of aerobic exercise; however, the risk of experiencing an MSI severe enough to impair activities of daily living does not increase with higher volumes of aerobic exercise.
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Aerobic exercise improves cognitive function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the effects of aerobic exercise combined with strength exercise on cognitive function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis are still unknown. In this study, we established exercise paradigms in rats to mimic aerobic exercise combined with low- and high-intensity strength exercise. We found that aerobic exercise improved spatial learning and memory as well as adult hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas strength exercise suppressed aerobic exercise-induced cognitive improvements and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in an intensity-dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and its downstream effector brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were increased in the aerobic exercise group, and strength exercise impaired the aerobic exercise-induced increases in β-HB and BDNF mRNA levels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that strength exercise weakened aerobic exercise-induced cognitive improvements and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rats.
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Physical exercise
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High levels of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity are associated with higher levels of cognitive function in people with HIV, thus, they may reduce the risk of developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise intervention on cognitive function in people with HIV. Eleven participants living with HIV were recruited into the study. Participants were randomised into either an exercise group (n = 5), that completed a 16-week aerobic exercise programme training, 3 times per week (2 supervised sessions and one unsupervised session) or a control group (n = 6) that received no intervention. Outcomes measured included cognitive function (Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) and the Trail making tests A and B), aerobic fitness (modified Bruce protocol), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index; PSQI) and physical activity levels (seven-day accelerometry). At baseline, higher levels of moderate physical activity were positively correlated with higher MOCA scores and levels of aerobic fitness were negatively associated with Trail A scores (P = 0.04 and P = 0.001 respectively). However, exercise training did not induce any significant improvements in cognitive function or aerobic fitness. The overall mean adherence rate to the exercise programme was 60%. In conclusion, in the present study a 16-week aerobic exercise intervention did not affect the cognitive function of participants with HIV. It is likely that longer intervention periods and/or higher adherence rates to exercise might be needed for an aerobic exercise programme to be effective in improving cognitive function in a cohort with no baseline cognitive impairments.
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Neurocognitive
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
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Introduction: Physical exercise aerobically can increase the production of growth factors such as Brain Derived Neurothropic Factor (BDNF). BDNF plays a role in the process of neurogenesis with a positive impact on cognitive function. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between levels Neurothropic Brain Derived Factor (BDNF) in rats fed aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise are not given. Methods : This study is an experimental research laboratory with post test only control group design. The subject of research in the form of Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain amounted to 35 rats were divided into one control group and the treatment group, namely; aerobic exercise group with a frequency of 1 time per week of physical exercise done using animal treadmill at a speed of 20m / min for 30 minutes of aerobic physical exercise. Results : An increase in BDNF levels of hippocampal tissue both in aerobic exercise group (133.4 ± 2,97pg / mL) compared with the control group (55.27 ± 4.18 pg / mL). Conclusion : There is a difference between the levels of BDNF hippocampal tissue in mice fed aerobic exercise compared with control mice. Keywords : physical exercise, BDNF, Brain Tissue
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Brain tissue
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