Role of innate immunity and altered intestinal motility in LPS- and MnCl2-induced intestinal intussusception in mice
Kristin E. KilloranAmber MillerKaren UrayNorman W. WeisbrodtRobia G. PautlerSanna M. GoyertNico van RooijenMargaret E. Conner
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Abstract:
Intestinal intussusception (ISS) commonly causes intestinal obstruction in children. One mechanism that has been proposed to cause ISS is inflammation-induced alteration of intestinal motility. We investigated whether innate inflammatory factors or altered motility is required for induction of ISS by LPS. We compared rates of ISS among BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, mice lacking lymphocytes or depleted of phagocytes, or mice with defects in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway following administration of LPS or the Ca 2+ analog MnCl 2 . At 6 or 2 h after administration of LPS or MnCl 2 , respectively, mice underwent image analysis to assess intestinal contraction rate or laparotomy to identify ISS. LPS-induced ISS (LPS-ISS) was observed in BALB/c mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice or any BALB/c mice with disruptions of TLR4 signaling. LPS-induced serum TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide (NO) and intestinal NO levels were similar in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The rate of LPS-ISS was significantly reduced in phagocyte-depleted, but not lymphocyte-deficient, mice. Intestinal contraction rates were reduced in LPS-ISS-susceptible BALB/c mice, but not in LPS-ISS-resistant C57BL/6 or TLR4 mutant mice, suggesting a role for reduced intestinal contraction rate in LPS-ISS susceptibility. This was tested with MnCl 2, a Ca 2+ antagonist that reduced intestinal contraction rates and induced ISS, irrespective of mouse strain. Therefore, LPS-ISS is initiated by innate immune signaling that requires TLR4 and phagocytes but may be independent of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO levels. Furthermore, alteration of intestinal motility, specifically, reduced intestinal contraction rate, is a key factor in the development of ISS.Keywords:
Intestinal motility
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Baekyeum (BKE) on intestinal motility. Methods : The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at the physiological state were evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of a charcoal meal. The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at cabachol-induced activated state and loperamide induced suppressed state were also evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of charcoal meal. Results : BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility in physiological state, and BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility at the carbachol-induced activated state. BKE activated significantly the intestinal motility at the loperamide-induced suppressed state. Conclusions : It can be concluded that BKE is an effective herbal prescription for cancer-patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially intestinal stasis.
Intestinal motility
Loperamide
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Intestinal motility
Paralytic ileus
Basal (medicine)
Ileus
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Correlation of intestinal motility and serum motilin after abdominal surgery was investigated experimentally and clinically. The results were summarized as follows: The recovery of intestinal motility was faster in the dogs simply laparotomized than gastrectomized. The recovery of the small intestinal motility was followed by that of the large intestinal motility in the dogs. The intravenous infusion of the synthetic motilin markedly stimulated the intestinal motor activity in early postoperative period. Serum motilin levels significantly dropped one after abdominal surgery and rose again both in the dogs and the patients. The rate of increase of serum motilin levels at the postoperative period closely correlated with the recovery of the intestinal motility both in the dogs and the patients, that is, the higher the rate of increase was, the faster the recovery was.
Motilin
Intestinal motility
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During the period of review, work has been ongoing to refine existing techniques and to better define normal patterns of small intestinal motility. Researchers continue to learn more about the established neurohumoral control mechanisms of motility, as well as the effects and potential importance of newly discovered neuropeptides and receptors. There has also been continued interest in alterations in motility in various disease states and in the effects on motility of a number of pharmacologic agents.
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Intestinal motility
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The effect of dl -amphetamine sulfate and its two isomers was studied on the propulsive motility of the small intestine in intact unanesthetized rats and dogs. All three agents significantly decreased the propulsive motility of the small intestine in both groups of animals; they were for the main part equipotent in their action.
Intestinal motility
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Huanglongtang on intestinal motility of experimental animals.Methods:The way of intact intestinal motility was used to measure time to start defecation and frequency of defecation and intestines moved forward.Isolated intestinal kinesis was used to measure duodenrm,ileum and colon kinesis in animals.Results:Defecation time was moved up and the frequency increased,and it did not take shape.Huanglongtang promoted strikingly intact intestines and isolated ileum motility in animals.There was inhibition to duodenum and colon in vitro in animals by taking Huanglongtang.The inhibition could be antagonized transiently by Ach.Conclusion:Huanglongtang has an outstanding purgative action in animals,which could be as a result of enhancement intestinal motility.The inhibition on isolated dudenum and colon showes that Huanglongtang has an antispasmodic effect while it purges.
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Antispasmodic
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Huanglongtang on small and large intestine motility in mouse and rat.METHODS The way of intact intestine motility was used to measure the time to start defecation, the frequency of defecation and intestine moved forwards.RESULTS The defecation time was moved up and the mouse small intestine motility was promoted strikingly by Huanglongtang. Effcet of direct and indirect locomotion on rat large intestine was enhanced notably, and the effect on the large intestine was superior to Dachengqitang compared with Huanglongtang.CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that Huanglongtang has an outstanding purgative action, in which mechanism may be promoting the intact intestine locomotion.
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Correlation of intestinal motility and serum motilin after abdominal surgery was investigated experimentally and clinically. The results were summarized as follows:1) The recovery of intestinal motility was faster in the dogs simply laparotomized than gastrectomized.2) The recovery of the small intestinal motility was followed by that of the large intestinal motility in the dogs.3) The intravenous infusion of the synthetic motilin markedly stimulated the intestinal motor activity in early postoperative period.4) Serum motilin levels significantly dropped once after abdominal surgery and rose again both in the dogs and the patients.5) The rate of increase of serum motilin levels at the postoperative period closely correlated with the recovery of the intestinal motility both in the dogs and the patients, that is, the higher the rate of increase was, the faster the recovery was.
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