Functional Polymorphisms of CHRNA3 Predict Risks of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer in Chinese
Lei YangFuman QiuXiaoxiao LuDongsheng HuangGuanpei MaYuan GuoMin HuYumin ZhouMingan PanYigang TanHaibo ZhongWeidong JiQingyi WeiPixin RanNanshan ZhongYifeng ZhouJiachun Lü
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Recently, several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer which are two closely related diseases. Among those SNPs, some of them are shared by both the diseases, reflecting there is possible genetic similarity between the diseases. Here we tested the hypothesis that whether those shared SNPs are common predictor for risks or prognosis of COPD and lung cancer. Two SNPs (rs6495309 and rs1051730) located in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 3 (CHRNA3) gene were genotyped in 1511 patients with COPD, 1559 lung cancer cases and 1677 controls in southern and eastern Chinese populations. We found that the rs6495309CC and rs6495309CT/CC variant genotypes were associated with increased risks of COPD (OR = 1.32, 95% C.I. = 1.14–1.54) and lung cancer (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.31–1.87), respectively. The rs6495309CC genotype contributed to more rapid decline of annual Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in both COPD cases and controls (P<0.05), and it was associated with advanced stages of COPD (P = 0.033); the rs6495309CT/CC genotypes conferred a poor survival for lung cancer (HR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.13–1.75). The luciferase assays further showed that nicotine and other tobacco chemicals had diverse effects on the luciferase activity of the rs6495309C or T alleles. However, none of these effects were found for another SNP, rs1051730G>A. The data show a statistical association and suggest biological plausibility that the rs6495309T>C polymorphism contributed to increased risks and poor prognosis of both COPD and lung cancer.本研究は, 職業別における慢性閉塞性肺疾患 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD) の有病率と喫煙習慣について検討し, COPDの予防や喫煙対策に活用するための資料を得ることを目的とした。対象は, 仙台市にあるエスエスサーティ健康管理センターにおいて, 人間ドックを受診した男性8, 659人 (年齢: 47.7±8.2歳; 喫煙率: 49.9%) とした。データの解析は, COPDの有病率と喫煙率を算出して, 職業別および業務環境別に実施した。COPDの定義は1秒率 (1秒量÷肺活量×100) が70%以下の場合とした。全対象者における有病率と喫煙率は, 職業間において有意差が認められた (有病率: p<0.05, 喫煙率: p<0.01) 。また, 同一年齢群における職業別の喫煙率と有病率には, γ=0.83 (p<0.05) と相関関係が認められ, 喫煙率の高い職業は有病率も高値を示した。なお, 各職業の有病率は, 運輸・通信職が5.3%, 販売職が4.6%, 管理職が4.1%, 生産・労務職が3.3%, 専門・技術職が3.3%, その他の職業が3.3%, 事務職が3.2%であった。業務環境別の有病率と喫煙率については, 外勤職業群が内勤職業群に対して高値を示した。これらのことから, COPDの有病率と喫煙率は職業によって異なり, 高喫煙率の職業ほど有病率が高値を示すことが明らかとなった。また, 有病率と喫煙率は, 事務職などの内勤職業群に比べ, 運輸・通信職や販売職などの外勤職業群が高値を示すことが示唆された。したがって, COPDを早期にスクリーニングする目的のもと, すべての健康診断受診者に対してスパイロメトリーを実施するとともに, 外勤職業従事者を中心とした喫煙対策を講じることが重要と考えられた。
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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the different degrees of severity of ‘CAT’ in the functional capacity evaluated by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). This is a cross-sectional study, which included spirometrically defined COPD patients, out of exacerbation period and with motor and cognitive skills necessary to perform the spirometry and the 6MWT and reply to the ‘CAT’ questionnaire. We sorted groups according to the clinical impact proposed by ‘CAT’: mild, moderate, severe and very severe. We included 66 COPD patients, with FEV1 (% pred) averages of 53.1 ± 21.9, 51.4 ± 14.1, 50.6 ± 12.8 and 46.4 ± 13.0, which corresponded to the clinical impact of ‘CAT’, respectively (p > 0.05). The highest ‘CAT’ score, observed on mild, moderate and severe clinical impact did not determine the shortest walking distance in the 6MWT (p 30 (very severe clinical impact) was associated with shorter walking distance in the 6MWT (p < 0.05). We found no negative correlation between ‘CAT’ and 6MWT (p = 0.0707 and r = -0.2479). ‘CAT’ was not associated to 6MWT.
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Our colleagues from Emphysema Foundation for Our Right to Survive (EFFORTS), whose article is published in this issue of the International COPD Coalition (ICC) Column, are part of one of the most active and successful of all the US COPD patient groups (1). They truly involve COPD patients and their families in their educational and advocacy efforts. They have continuously had thousands of COPD patients actively participating in their group since the 1980s. Their article modestly puts forward their programs and goals.
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Health authorities have increased the attention given to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in recent years. Even so, under-diagnosis and late diagnosis rates remain high. The aim of this study was to determine which factors allow to discriminate between people with COPD and which do not, trying to provide a simple tool that can be used by primary health care personnel.
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Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Smoking Habit in Subjects on Human Dry Dock.
本研究は, 人間ドック受診者における慢性閉塞性肺疾患 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD) の有病率と喫煙習慣について検討し, 有病者の実態を明らかにすることを目的とした。対象は, 仙台市にあるエスエスサーティ健康管理センターにおいて, 2001年1月～12月に人間ドックを受診した6, 967名 (男性4, 722名, 女性2, 245名; 平均年齢46.9±8.0歳; 年齢分布30～73歳; 喫煙率38.8%) とした。解析は, COPDの診断基準を1秒率 (1秒量/肺活量×100) ≦70%として, 年齢階級別および喫煙習慣別 (非喫煙者, 元喫煙者, 現喫煙者) に実施した。全対象者におけるCOPDの有病率は3.8%を示した。喫煙習慣別の有病率は, 非喫煙者, 元喫煙者, 現喫煙者のいずれも50歳代以降に増加した。特に現喫煙者の有病率の増加が著明であった。各年齢階級内における喫煙習慣別の有病率については, 30歳代, 40歳代において有意差が認められなかった。しかし, 50歳代および60歳以上の有病率は, 非喫煙者, 元喫煙者, ブリンクマン指数 (BI) <400の現喫煙者, BI≧400の現喫煙者の順に高くなる傾向が認められ, 特にBI≧400の現喫煙者の有病率は, 非喫煙者, 元喫煙者に比べ有意に高値であった。これらのことから, COPDの有病率は喫煙習慣にかかわりなく50歳代以降に増加することが明らかとなった。また, 50歳代以降の有病率は, 喫煙習慣を持ちBIが大きいほど高いことが示唆された。しかし一方で, 非喫煙者においても有病率の増加が認められ, さらにCOPD発症の最大危険因子と考えられる喫煙習慣の保有率が, 若年層ほど高値であった。したがって, COPDを確実かつ早期にスクリーニングするためには, 人間ドックを含めたすべての健診においてスパイロメトリーを実施する必要があると考えられた。
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The research has shown that Qi and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) has a close relation. Relations from the Qi and COPD expounds that the deficiency is the key factor of COPD. From three aspects of the single Zang organ, two Zang organs, three Zang organs, it described the use of Qi in the treatment of COPD, so as to provide the scientific basis for the supplement of Qi in the treatment of COPD.
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The animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were reviewed and analyzed.It is hoped to provide a new train of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) therapeutic drug development.Data on COPD and animal models in recent years were searched by the CAS Shanghai institute of materia database platform.The advantages and disadvantages of several animals as a COPD animal model were summarized,and the methods for COPD model and the relevant indicators to judge the successfulness of COPD model were established.Because of the complex pathogenesis of the COPD,it was failed to approach a unified COPD modeling standard.The article reported that several method unions are mostly used.This review hopes to provide some reference for the new treatments for COPD drug development.We expect to establish a standardized model of COPD for the disease treatment and research in the future
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incompletely reversible chronic airway disease that can be prevented and cured. There is a tendency toward increasing the morbidity and mortality for COPD. Establishment of an animal model for COPD is an important step to explore the pathogenesis of this disease. Presently, a well-recognized COPD animal model is not available. The key points for establishing the COPD animal models, such as selection of animal species, parameters for model evaluation, are constantly updated.慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD)是一种可以预防和治疗的不完全可逆性慢性气道疾病，其发病率和致死率均较高，并且呈逐年上升趋势。建立COPD动物模型是探索其发病机制的重要方法之一，目前缺乏统一标准的COPD动物模型构建方法，动物物种选择、模型制备及模型评估作为该模型构建的关键点在不断更新。.
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In recent years,accompany with unceasingly deepen of clinic and basic research of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),there is some deeply understanding on COPD.Refer to the current situation of prevention and cure and clinical research of COPD,by to intensively differentiate and analyze the familiar problem of COPD,to further research some opinion of treatment of COPD.
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