Sequential Effects of Increasing Propofol Sedation on Frontal and Temporal Cortices as Indexed by Auditory Event-related Potentials
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It is an open question whether cognitive processes of auditory perception that are mediated by functionally different cortices exhibit the same sensitivity to sedation. The auditory event-related potentials P1, mismatch negativity (MMN), and early right anterior negativity (ERAN) originate from different cortical areas and reflect different stages of auditory processing. The P1 originates mainly from the primary auditory cortex. The MMN is generated in or in the close vicinity of the primary auditory cortex but is also dependent on frontal sources. The ERAN mainly originates from frontal generators. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of increasing propofol sedation on different stages of auditory processing as reflected in P1, MMN, and ERAN.The P1, the MMN, and the ERAN were recorded preoperatively in 18 patients during four levels of anesthesia adjusted with target-controlled infusion: awake state (target concentration of propofol 0.0 microg/ml), light sedation (0.5 microg/ml), deep sedation (1.5 microg/ml), and unconsciousness (2.5-3.0 microg/ml). Simultaneously, propofol anesthesia was assessed using the Bispectral Index.Propofol sedation resulted in a progressive decrease in amplitudes and an increase of latencies with a similar pattern for MMN and ERAN. MMN and ERAN were elicited during sedation but were abolished during unconsciousness. In contrast, the amplitude of the P1 was unchanged by sedation but markedly decreased during unconsciousness.The results indicate differential effects of propofol sedation on cognitive functions that involve mainly the auditory cortices and cognitive functions that involve the frontal cortices.Keywords:
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Objectives:To investigate the characteristic of mismatch negativity (MMN) in patitnts with first-episode schizophrenia and its variation after treatment. Methods:MMN and P_ 300 were recorded from 45 schizophrenics and 40 normal controls with American Brova instrument, and assessea their psychotic symptoms with PANSS. Results:Compared with NC, schizophrenics showed delayed MMN latency (NC: 199.7±29.9ms, Sch: 221.4±32.6ms, P0.01), decreased MMN amplitude (NC: 7.8±3.8μV, Sch: 4.5±3.3μV, P0.01), and delayed latency of P_ 300 (P0.01). Delayed MMN latency and decreased MMN amplitude correlated negatively with positive symptoms and thought disorder. After 12 weeks of treatment, abnormal MMN was improved with improving psychotic symptoms.Conclusions:MMN could reflect the automatic processing of schizophrenics, and might be useful markers applying into schizophrenics.
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Therapeutic Endoscopy
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背景中国音调在中国 discrimination.However 被认为重要，有关中国音调的听觉的中央机制上的相关报告是 limited.In 这研究，失配否定性( MMN )，事件之一联系了潜力( ERP )，被用来调查中国音调的pre专心的处理，并且古怪 MMN 和控制 MMN 的函数之间的差别是 discussed.Methods 有正常听觉的十个题目(六个男人和四个女人)参予了 study.A se 控制 MMN 被减去音调在控制块得到的 ERP 获得，它是象在古怪的块的反常刺激的一样的音调，从反常刺激(音调 2 或音调 3 或音调 4 )在古怪 block.There 得到的 ERP 是在古怪 MMN 的二个否定波浪，一个人出现在 150 ms (古怪 MMN 1 )附近，另外的约 300 ms (古怪 MMN 2 ) .Only ，一个否定波浪在控制 MMN 出现在 300 ms 附近，它相应于 MMN 2 .We 执行了的怪人统计员
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Background/Aims: Propofol sedation is increasingly being used when performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of its rapid onset and good recovery profile. For achieving safe sedation during endoscopy, close monitoring of the vital signs is necessary because of the sedation’s potentially serious adverse effects. There are only a few studies on the induction of sedation with using propofol for endoscopy in Korea. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adequate initial injected dose of propofol for achieving safe and effective sedation when performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Koreans. Methods: From March 2008 to July 2008, 150 subjects who visited Kwangju Christian Hospital were randomized into 3 groups. An initial bolus dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg of propofol was allocated to groups A, B and C, respectively. The effectiveness and safety profiles of each injected dose of propofol were prospectively assessed by measuring various parameters of the vital signs and the adverse events. Results: Group C had a significantly shorter induction time and the patients in group C did not require additional injections of propofol without increasing adverse events, as compared to that of the other 2 groups. Conclusions: 1.5 mg/kg of propofol was found to be more appropriate than 0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg of propofol as the initial injected dose for induction of sedation during performance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Koreans.
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Regional anaesthesia has become an important anaesthetic technique. Effective sedation is an essential for regional techniques too. This study compares midazolam and propofol in terms of onset & recovery from sedation, dosage and side effects of both the drugs using Bispectral Index monitoring. Ninety eight patients were randomly divided into two groups,one group recieved midazolam infusion while the other recieved propofol infusion until BIS reached 75. We observed Time to reach desired sedation, HR, MABP, time for recovery, dose to reach sedation and for maintenance of sedation and side effects if any. The time to reach required sedation was 11 min in Midazolam group(Group I) while it was 6 min in Propofol group(Group II) (p=0.0). Fall in MABP was greater with propofol. Recovery in with midazolam was slower than with propofol (18.6 +/- 6.5 vs 10.10+/-3.65 min) (p=0.00). We concluded that both midazolam and propofol are effective sedatives, but onset and offset was quicker with propofol, while midazolam was more cardiostable.
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Event Abstract Back to Event The role of stimulus train length in mismatch negativity (MMN) abnormalities in schizophrenia: A comparison of the 'roving' and 'oddball' MMN paradigms Sumie Leung1, Lisa-marie Greenwood1, Patricia Michie2, 3 and Rodney Croft4* 1 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Australia 2 University of Newcastle, School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, Australia 3 Schizophrenia Research Institute, Australia 4 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients exhibit attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) relative to controls. Although most MMN studies have employed an oddball paradigm, a 'roving' paradigm has also been used to assess memory trace formation in SCZ, with evidence suggesting that the build-up of this trace is important to the disorder. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this memory trace effect differs between controls and patients, and whether it is a better differentiator of group status than MMN from a traditional oddball paradigm. EEG data from 16 SCZ patients and 11 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recorded during a roving (trains of 4, 8 or 24 standards, prior to a duration-deviant, where each train differed in frequency), and a multi-feature oddball paradigm (Standards - 50ms, 100Hz, 80dB; Duration deviant - 100ms; Frequency deviant - 1100Hz). Peak amplitudes were measured from MMN waveforms (roving and duration oddball only). Memory trace results were analysed with mixed design polynomial contrasts, and paradigm comparisons using mixed design simple contrasts (oddball vs linear; oddball vs quadratic). Roving MMN increased linearly (p=0.008) but not quadratically with train length (combined groups), and overall MMN was reduced in patients (p=0.028). However, the linear increase did not differ between the groups. A quadratic interaction was found (p=0.04), due to greater group differentiation for 8-train MMN. Relative to oddball MMN, no advantage was found in differentiating groups with the linear increase memory trace effect, whereas the quadratic change in MMN over train length was a better predictor of group status (p=0.011). These results suggest that train length is important in SCZ/MMN research, with the train length/MMN relation a better predictor of group status than oddball MMN. Further research is required to clarify the contributing factors to this finding, including the relative importance of standards and deviants to the relation. Keywords: Schizophrenia, MMN, mismatch negativity, Roving, Train length Conference: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 27 Jul - 31 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Memory and Learning Citation: Leung S, Greenwood L, Michie P and Croft R (2015). The role of stimulus train length in mismatch negativity (MMN) abnormalities in schizophrenia: A comparison of the 'roving' and 'oddball' MMN paradigms. Conference Abstract: XII International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON-XII). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00153 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 19 Feb 2015; Published Online: 24 Apr 2015. * Correspondence: Prof. Rodney Croft, University of Wollongong, School of Psychology and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia, rcroft@uow.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft Google Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft Google Scholar Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft PubMed Sumie Leung Lisa-marie Greenwood Patricia Michie Rodney Croft Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
Oddball paradigm
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要旨: MMN や P300 などの事象関連電位は, 聴覚中枢の評価が可能であり聴覚情報処理障害への応用などが期待されているが, 検査手技が煩雑で検査時間も長く一般的な聴力検査室への普及は進んでいない。今回我々は測定の短時間化を目的に, 従来の MMN 測定で多く使われる Fz と ABR と同一の Cz で関電極位置が潜時に与える影響を正常聴力成人6耳に対して検討するとともに, 関電極位置を Cz にして49耳に対して MMN と P300 を測定し, 安定的な記録に必要な加算回数の検討を行った。その結果, 関電極位置による振幅・潜時の有意な違いは認めず, MMN・P300 ともに200回加算が100回加算・300回加算に対し可測率が最も高かった。200回加算での測定時間は, MMN・P300 検査とも両耳測定でともに約12分であった。関電極を Cz・加算回数を200回とすることで MMN および P300 を実用的な臨床検査とすることができると考える。
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Summary This multicentre, non‐comparative study investigated the range of target blood propofol concentrations required to sedate 122 adult intensive care patients when propofol was administered using Diprifusor TM target‐controlled infusion systems together with opioid analgesia. Depth of sedation was assessed with a modified Ramsay score and the target blood propofol setting was adjusted to achieve the sedation desired for each patient. A desired level of sedation was achieved for 84% of the sedation period. In postcardiac surgery patients the median time‐weighted average propofol target setting was 1.34 μg.ml −1 (10th – 90th percentiles: 0.79–1.93 μg.ml −1 ). Values in brain injured and general ICU patients were 0.98 (10th – 90th percentiles: 0.60–2.55) μg.ml −1 and 0.42 (10th – 90th percentiles: 0.16–1.19) μg.ml −1 , respectively. Measured propofol concentrations were generally close to values predicted by the Diprifusor TM system. Target settings in the range of 0.2–2.0 μg.ml −1 are proposed for propofol sedation in this setting with titration as required in individual patients.
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