The bidirectional tumor - mesenchymal stromal cell interaction promotes the progression of head and neck cancer
Benjamin KansyPhilip A. DissmannHatim HemedaKirsten BruderekAnna M WesterkampVivien JagalskiPatrick J. SchulerKatinka KansyStephan LangClaudia A. DumitruSven Brandau
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Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an integral cellular component of the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, very little is known about MSC originating from human malignant tissue and modulation of these cells by tumor-derived factors. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize MSC from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to investigate their interaction with tumor cells.MSC were isolated from tumor tissues of HNSCC patients during routine oncological surgery. Immunophenotyping, immunofluorescence and in vitro differentiation were performed to determine whether the isolated cells met the consensus criteria for MSC. The cytokine profile of tumor-derived MSC was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of MSC by tumor-conditioned media was assessed by measuring cytokine release and expression of CD54. The impact of MSC on tumor growth in vivo was analyzed in a HNSCC xenograft model.Cells isolated from HNSCC tissue met the consensus criteria for MSC. Tumor-derived MSC constitutively produced high amounts of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α. HNSCC-derived factors activated MSC and enhanced secretion of IL-8 and expression of CD54. Furthermore, MSC provided stromal support for human HNSCC cell lines in vivo and enhanced their growth in a murine xenograft model.This is the first study to isolate and characterize MSC from malignant tissues of patients with HNSCC. We observed cross-talk of stromal cells and tumor cells resulting in enhanced growth of HNSCC in vivo.Keywords:
Immunophenotyping
Objective To analyze the immunophenotype of acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) in children and its clinical presentation and prognosis.Methods Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping of 111 ALL child cases.The clinical characteristics,chemotherapy response and prognosis were compared among different immunophenotype groups.Results Three categories could be identified,including 81 cases(73.0%) of B lineage ALL,16 cases(14.4%) of T lineage ALL and 14 cases(12.6%) of B/T lineage ALL.There were 25 cases(22.5%) of ALL expressing myeloid-associated antigens.There was no relationship between FAB morphology classification and immunophenotype of ALL.T-ALL was significantly associated with markedly lymphadenopathy,splenomegaly,hepatomegaly,mediastinal mass,high white blood cell count and poor response in induction chemotherapy.The 3-year survival rates were 76.9% in B-ALL,75.0% in T-ALL and 83.3% in B/T-ALL.There was no significant difference between the My+-ALL and My---ALL of complete remission rates,3-year survival rates or relapse rates.Conclusion The immunophenotyping for estimation of the therapeutic effect and prognosis of ALL patients be combined with cytogenetics,molecular biology and clinical manifestations.
Immunophenotyping
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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The RAM immunophenotype has been recently described as a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that is characterized clinically by extremely poor prognosis. We present a case of AML with RAM immunophenotype in a 5-year-old patient that resulted in poor outcome despite early hematopoietic cell transplant. We describe the unusual morphologic features that, along with the distinct immunophenotype, may provide initial diagnostic clues and further justify the classification of this AML variant as a rather distinct subtype.
Immunophenotyping
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Immunophenotyping
Minimal Residual Disease
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Immunophenotyping
Relevance
Identification
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Over the last 10 years, immunophenotyping of haematologic malignancies has become an indispensable diagnostic supplement to the classical morphological approach. Immunophenotyping of haematopoietic cells is performed with the use of a number of monoclonal antibodies (MOABs), which are directed specifically against structures of blood cells that become expressed at the different stages of differentiation and maturation. Cells to which the fluorescently labelled MOABs are directed can be recognised and measured using fluorescence microscopy or fluorescence flow cytometry. Many MOABs, fluorochromes and user-friendly flow cytometers have become available in the last 15 years, as a result of which immunophenotyping is now routinely applied in clinical practice. Immunophenotyping has the potential to classify leukaemias and other malignant lymphomas according to cell type and stage of maturation. This information is important for the establishment of the right diagnosis and prognosis, and for the optimal treatment choice. In a number of cases immunophenotyping provides information which cannot be obtained by simple morphological investigation. The immunophenotyping of blood and bone-marrow cells is also a sensitive method for detecting minimal residual disease after an apparent complete remission has been achieved.
Immunophenotyping
Minimal Residual Disease
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Background: Acute leukemia area a group of neoplastic disorders characterized by proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoeitic cells in bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. The present study was conducted to have a detailed understanding of immunophenotyping profi le, the morphologic and immunophenotypic discrepancy and importance of immunophenotyping in diagnosis of acute leukemia. Objectives: To study immunophenotyping profi le in acute leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], acute lymphoid leukemia, and mixed lineage leukemia) and to study its importance in diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in Medical College, Jabalpur. 160 patients diagnosed morphologically with AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and mixed lineage leukemia seen were included in the study. Results: Only in 73% cases of acute leukemia did fi nd similarity in morphological appearance and immunophenotyping. In remaining 27% cases morphological fi ndings did not correlate with immunophenotyping expression. Diagnosis in these 27% patients changed after immunophenotyping. Conclusions: It is imperative and absolutely essential to ascertain the lineage of leukemia by immunophenotyping before starting on treatment as more than 25% of patients would not respond or later relapse if treatment is initiated on morphological diagnosis.
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Background: Acute leukaemia (AL) are a heterogenous group of haematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Objectives: The study was conducted to have a detailed understanding of immunophenotyping profile, the frequency of discrepancy between bone marrow morphology and immunophenotyping and importance of immunophenotyping in diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Methods: This prospective type of observational study was carried out with an aim to correlate the immunophenotype with bone
marrow morphology and to see the discrepancy between this two in acute leukaemia. A total of 38 untreated acute leukemia patients attending in the Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during the period from October 2016 to September 2017were included in this study. At first the morphological diagnosis was done. Then the immunophenotypic profile was compared. Result: Around eighty-two cases of acute leukaemia did find similarity with immunophenotyping and remaining 18.4% shows discrepancy. Diagnosis in this 18.4% changes after immunophenotyping. Aberrant phenotypes were detected in 20 (52.6%) samples among them 13 (34.21%) cases were AML, 3 (7.8%) cases were B-ALL and 4 (10.52%) cases were T-ALL. Significant relation was not found between aberrant marker and FAB subtypes. Conclusion: In acute leukaemia morphological appearance of bone marrow does not always match with immunophenotyping. It is therefore imperative and absolutely essential to ascertain the lineage of leukaemia by immunophenotyping before starting treatment.
Immunophenotyping
Hematology
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To evaluate the specificity of three-color flow cytometry in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) immunophenotyping.Immunophenotyping was performed by three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD(45)/SSC gating.The percentage of blasts was correlated better with leukemic cell count compared with that of FSC/SSC, and the false positive results were low. Among eighty six cases of ALL, 95.3% was B-ALL, in which common-ALL and Pro-B-ALL were 76.8% and 6.1%, respectively, and 2.3% was T-ALL. CD(34)(+) and myeloid-associated antigen expression were observed in 57.0% and 34.9% of the cases, respectively, among which Pro-B-ALL was the commonest. CD(33) was more commonly expressed than CD(13) in Pro-B-ALL cases, but no difference in the expression between these two antigens in other subtypes.Gating of CD(45)/SSC eliminated effection of normal cells to blasts in bone marrow, with which the immunophenotyping results were more reliable.
Immunophenotyping
Cytometry
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Objective: To study the immunophenotype and its relationship with prognosis of acute leukemias. Methods: Immunophenotypes were examined by indirect immunofluorescence method in 108 AL. Results: ① In 108 AL, one case of M\-2, one case of M\-5 and one case of L\-3 diagnosed by FAB morphology, finally rediagnosed as MAL and four cases of UAL were diagnosed as M\-0 by immunophenotyping. ②11.5% cases of ALL coexpressed myeloid associated antigens. CD 34 \++ was most frequently expressed in B ALL than T ALL (53%~28%), but no significant difference was found between two groups(P0.05). The marrow blast cells were significantly lower in T ALL than B ALL(P0.05).③ 22 cases (27.8%) of AML coexpressed at least one lymphoid markers. ④ 18 cases expressed CD\-7\++ (22.8%).The early stem cell markers such as CD 34 、 CD 38 、HLA DR were highly expressed in CD\-7\++ AML, CD\-7\++ was rarely expressed in M\-3 but highly expressed in M\-0 M\-1. Conclusion: There was significant value of immunophenotyping for the diagnosis of MAL and M\-0. The expression of CD\-7 in AML might predicts worse prognosis.
Immunophenotyping
Immunofluorescence
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Objective To study the relationship of immunophenotype and FAB phenotype and guide clinical analysis and treatment.Methods Cell morphology checking and immunophenotyping were performed at the same time for the 505 patients with leukemia,flow cytometry had used for immunophenotype,on the end the results had been analyzed to understand the relationship between the two phenotypes.Results ①Among the 505 cases of leukemia,there were AML(248)、ALL(200)、CML(18)、CLL(15)、HAL(14)、UAL(10) in FAB phenotype and AML(163)、Ly+AML(83)、ALL(108)、My+ALL(106)、HAL(32)、UAL(13) in immunophenotype.② In AML the accordance rate and part accordance rate of the two phenotypes was 61.3% and 30.2%.In ALL the accordance rate was and part accordance rate was 53% and 44.5%.In HAL the accordance rate was 42.9%.Conclusion Immunophenotype plays an important role to distinguish AML、ALL subtype、variants leukemia and HAL.Immunophenotyping was shaper and more accurate than FAB phenotype,and is a supplementary and correction,but it can not replace the FAB phenotype.Combination of both can improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Immunophenotyping
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