Biodiversity of N-cycle bacteria in nitrogen removing moving bed biofilters for freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems
Maartje A. H. J. van KesselHarry R. HarhangiKatinka van de Pas-SchoonenJack van de VossenbergGert FlikMike S. M. JettenPeter H.M. KlarenHuub J. M. Op den Camp
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Keywords:
Anammox
Recirculating aquaculture system
Biofilter
Planctomycetes
Efforts to increase tilapia production are carried out through intensive culture by taking into account various aspects that support fish survival. The culture system that supports intensive culture is the Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS). The RAS technology has the ability to support aquaculture with very high density and high yields compared to open culture systems. This study aims to determine the effect of different biofilter media in RAS on decreasing TAN concentration and growth of tilapia seeds. The method used was experimental with three treatments and four replications. Tilapia with an average individual weight of 3.40 ± 0.15 g were maintained in RAS with three different biofilter media treatments, sand (A), polystyrene microbeads (B) and kaldnes (C). The parameters observed were pH, DO, temperature, TAN removal efficiency, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR). The results showed that different biofilter media had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the TAN removal efficiency value but had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the SGR and SR values. The sand biofilter treatment (A) gave the best TAN removal efficiency of 36.61±4.82%.Key words: Kaldnes, Polystyrene, Sand, TAN, Tilapia
Biofilter
Recirculating aquaculture system
Expanded polystyrene
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A simulation recirculating seawater aquaculture system was established,and experiments on the inoculation and operation of the biofilter were conducted to explore the formation process of biofilm on the surface of support packing in biofilter.The changes of fixed biomass concentration and removal efficiency of ammonia and nitrite were examined.Results indicated that the periodicity of the process was 30—35 days and could be divided into 4 stages: the incubating period,the growing period,the stabilizing period and the falling period.The natural plant packing and high influent ammonia concentration were favorable for the formation process of biofilm.
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Recirculating aquaculture system
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Biofilter
Recirculating aquaculture system
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Anammox
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Biofilter
Microbead (research)
Recirculating aquaculture system
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Anammox
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A self-designed drawer biofilter used in recirculating aquaculture system for Paralichthys lethostigma,the research is about the water treatment effect of drawer biofilter,weight gain and feed utilization rate.The results show that the P.lethostigma(225.4 ± 11.9) g during follow-up of 60 days culture in recirculating system gets a weight gain rate of 49.97%(337.5±10.3) g,the feed coefficient of 1.06,rearing density reaches 24.1 kg/m3 and survival rate amounts to 100%.The removal efficiencies of drawer biofilter about NH+4-N、NO-2-N and COD are(10.61±1.88)%,(14.90±3.06)% and(16.11±1.704)%,respectively.Therefore,using drawer biofilter to breed P.lethostigma in recirculating aquaculture system is feasible.
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BACKGROUND:Microbes that govern a unique biochemical process of oxidizing ammonia into dinitrogen gas, such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) have been reported to play a pivotal role in agricultural soils and in oceanic environments.However, limited information for anammox bacterial abundance and distribution in the terrestrial habitats has been known.METHODS AND RESULTS: Phylogenetic and nextgeneration sequencing analyses of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were performed to examine potential anammox bacteria in paddy soils.Through clone libraries constructed by using the anammox bacteria-specific primers, some clones showed sequence similarities with Planctomycetes (87% to 99%) and anammox bacteria (94% to 95%).Microbial community analysis for the paddy soils by using Illumina Miseq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene at phylum level was dominated by unclassified Bacteria at 33.2 ± 7.6%, followed by Chloroflexi at 20.4 ± 2.0% and Acidobacteria at 17.0 ± 6.5%.Planctomycetes that anammox bacteria are belonged to was 1.5% (± 0.3) on average from the two paddy soils. CONCLUSION:We suggest evidence of anammox bacteria in the paddy soil.In addition to the relatively wellknown microbial processes for nitrogen-cycle, anammox can be a potential contributor on the cycle in terrestrial environments such as paddy soils.
Anammox
Planctomycetes
Acidobacteria
Chloroflexi (class)
Library
Soil microbiology
Nitrogen Cycle
Verrucomicrobia
Paddy field
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Based on the filtration of sand filter bed, a solid and nitrification biofilter of floating plastic bead was designed and tested. In the biofilter, the bead was layered automatically in water according to the size and gravity of plastic bead. With two types of diameter 5 mm gravity 0.94 and diameter 2 mm gravity 0.5 beads, the biofilter performed well in solid separation and ammonia nitrification. The bead filter performances were tested in a recirculating aquaculture system. When pump power was 0.75 kW and flow quantity was 20 m~3·h~ -1, the recirculating culture system could support 10 m~3 water in culture density of 16 kg·m~ -3 Amur sturgeon. Suspended solid filtering rate was 90% and ammonia nitrification capacity was 149 g·m~ -3·d~ -1. Within water exchanged period of two weeks, the water quality was as following, SS≤100 mg·L~ -1, Ammonia≤1.0 mg·L~ -1, Nitrite≤0.18 mg·L~ -1 and Nitrate 24≤mg·L~ -1. After 15 days' culture, fish survival rate was 99% and growth rate was 50%. The experiment result showed that the bead biofilter could meet the need of recirculating aquaculture system in solid separation and ammonia nitrification.
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Recirculating aquaculture system
Bead
Filtration (mathematics)
Alkalinity
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Treatment and reuse of aquaculture wastewater is the key technology in recirculating aquaculture systems( RAS). Biofilter,a core unit in RAS,plays a vital role in removal of pollutants in aquaculture water. Water temperature,salinity,p H,dissolved oxygen( DO) and other environmental factors can affect the function of biofilter. Sudden changes of environmental factors can cause biofilm degradation or dropping off,which may seriously affect biofilter growth and water treatment effects. Biofilter efficiency can achieve the ideal state and aquaculture wastewater treatment effect be improved when the water temperature,salinity,p H and DO are well under control. It is necessary to study biofilter's kinetics of aquaculture wastes removal under each environmental factor,so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing design and operation management of RAS.
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Recirculating aquaculture system
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