Determination of liquefied petroleum flame temperatures using emission spectroscopy
Dermeval CarinhanaLuiz Gilberto BarretaCláudio José da RochaAlberto Monteiro dos SantosCelso A. Bertran
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Abstract:
Emission spectroscopy was used in the temperature determination of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) premixed flames. Natural emission of CH* radicals was investigated in flames under three different burning conditions: fuel/oxydizer stoichiometric ratio, fuel excess (rich flame), and oxidizer excess (lean flame). An average value of 2845 ± 70 K was obtained for CH* rotational temperature in the set up used in the experiments. This value did not show significant change with the type of flame analyzed and it is compatible with the calculated adiabatic flame temperatures of the investigated systems. This temperature value also agrees with that determined by an indirect measurement, using the sodium line reversal method, which is independent from the radical natural emission and well established in literature. Vibrational temperatures of ca. 4600 K were calculated, indicating that the CH* lifetime is insufficient for the establishment of an equilibrium state between the rotational and vibrational modes.Keywords:
Adiabatic flame temperature
Liquefied petroleum gas
Stoichiometry
Propane
Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied natural gas
Liquid gas
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Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquid gas
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Propane
Propene
Liquefied petroleum gas
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산업의 발달에 따른 영향으로 에너지수요가 증가함에 따라 국내에는 에너지 산업시설(저장시설, 고압가스 배관, 충전소, 탱크로리 등)이 전국에 산재하게 되었고 사용하는 에너지의 종류도 과거 한정된 자원이 아닌 다양한 에너지원을 사용하게 되었다. 이러한 에너지시설에는 화재, 폭발 및 유독물질 누출 등 중대사고가 발생할 수 있다. 더욱이 국내의 에너지시설은 밀집되어 있어 연쇄적인 사고가 일어날 가능성이 존재한다. 이 연구에서는 기존에 설치 운영되고 있는 LPG(liquefied petroleum gas) 및 가솔린(gasoline) 충전소와 LNG(liquefied natural gas)충전소에 대한 피해예측을 실시하고 이를 비교 분석 함으로써 국내에서 처음 시도되고 있는 가솔린 주유소 및 LPG/LNG 충전소가 병설되어 설치되는 경우의 안전성을 검토하고자 한다. Abstract - The advancement of industry have increased domestic energy demands and energy facilities such as storage facility, compressed gas pipe, station, and tank lorry. Also, concern about environment have diversified energy source to clean energy such as LNG. In these major energy facilities, major accident can happen to result in fire, explosion, toxic release and etc. In addition, it may cause chain accidents to the adjacent energy facilities. In this research, safety assessment was performed through the consequence analysis of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) station, gasoline station and LNG(liquiefied natural gas) station. The obtained result will be helpful to make a safety guideline of the LPG/LNG station built adjacent to the gasoline station. Key words : LNG, LPG, gasoline, consequence analysis, safety assessment
Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied natural gas
Compressed natural gas
Petroleum product
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Laminar flame speed
Flame speed
Adiabatic flame temperature
Bunsen burner
Flame structure
Flashback
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산업의 발달에 따른 영향으로 에너지수요가 증가함에 따라 국내에는 에너지 산업시설(저장시설, 고압가스 배관, 충전소, 탱크로리 등)이 전국에 산재하게 되었고 사용하는 에너지의 종류도 과거 한정된 자원이 아닌 다양한 에너지원을 사용하게 되었다. 이러한 에너지시설에는 화재, 폭발 및 유독물질 누출 등 중대사고가 발생할 수 있다. 더욱이 국내의 에너지시설은 밀집되어 있어 연쇄적인 사고가 일어날 가능성이 존재한다. 이 연구에서는 기존에 설치 운영되고 있는 LPG(liquefied petroleum gas) 및 가솔린(gasoline) 충전소와 LNG(liquefied natural gas) 충전소에 대한 피해예측을 실시하고 이를 비교 분석 함으로써 국내에서 처음 시도되고 있는 가솔린 주유소 및 LPG/LNG 충전소가 병설되어 설치되는 경우의 안전성을 검토하고자 한다.
Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied natural gas
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Among the more significant and more environmentally friendly sources of energy there are liquid gases which can be divided into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), such as ethane, propane, butane and their mixture of ethylene, and liquefied natural gas (LNG ) which is most commonly methane in its composition. Due to increased demand for liquefied gases, there is a need for innovative transport modes, and this paper analyses technological characteristics of LNG and LPG carriers. By writing the paper, it seeks to gain insight into the main features of liquefied natural and petroleum gas, with an emphasis on the technological characteristics of LNG and LPG carriers, leading to conclusions on their differences and importance.
Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied natural gas
Butane
Propane
Liquid gas
Methane gas
Associated petroleum gas
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This paper describes the risk associated with liquefied natural gas/liquefied petroleum gas (LNG/LPG) in general and in particular with the marine transportation of LNG/LPG in bulk. It discusses a risk analysis model, public risk, and shows that insofar as public risk is concerned, ship accidents and subsequent water spills of LNG/LPG are the most predominant controlling factors. Port safety analysis is also discussed. The paper concludes that to achieve an acceptable level of port safety a formal and systematic decision analysis is required.
Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas
Port (circuit theory)
Marine transportation
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Propane
Propene
Liquefied petroleum gas
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Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas
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