Morphology of the first instar larva and of the egg ofLabidostomis longimana (Linnaeus, 1761) and ofLabidostomis tridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Clytrinae), with a key to clytrine genera with the first instar larva known
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The first instar larva and the egg of Labidostomis longimana (Linnaeus, 1761) are described and illustrated and these of Labidostomis tridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) are re-described and illustrated from laboratory-reared specimens. The descriptions are compared with one another and with those of the same developmental stages in species of the genus known in the literature, i.e. the larva of Labidostomis tridentata (Linnaeus, 1758) and the eggs of L. taxicornis (Fabricius, 1792), and L. cyanicornis Germar, 1822. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)The female of Aedes (Finlaya) alongi is described for the first time and the fourth-instar larva is redescribed in detail. The species is reassigned to Bothaella and compared to other species of the genus.
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Abstract Larvae and pupae of Hydroptila itoi Kobayashi are described. Young larvae are free living without cases, final instar larvae make cases of filamentous algae and some sand particles. Larvae mainly feed by sucking the cell content of green filamentous algae. This species has an annual life cycle in Lake Utonai, Hokkaido, Japan, hibernating in the 2nd‐4th instar.
Morphology
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Neoxantholinus koghianus sp. n. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Xantholinini) and the detailed external structure of its late (L2-3) and early (L1) larval instars from New Caledonia are described and illustrated. The morphological differences between L1 and L2-3 of N. koghianus sp. n. involve four characters. Diagnostic larval characters for the genus Neoxantholinus are given for the first time.
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Yolk
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The last immature stage and the mature larva of Mystrophorus formicaeformis Ruthe are described for the first time. The affinities of both immature and mature larvae of M. formicaeformis and corresponding instars of other subfamilies are respectively discussed.
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Paussus favieri Fairmaire is one of only two species of the myrmecophilous carabid tribe Paussini known from Europe.Larvae are known from only 10 of the 580 paussine species.As in many beetles with considerably modified later instar larvae, the first instars represent a valuable source of informative characters for taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses (primary chaetotaxy, eggbursters, etc.).Therefore, the discovery of the first instar larva of P. favieri is particularly important, as it represents only the second species for which this larval stage is known.In this paper we describe the behavior and morphology of the larval first instar of P. favieri (subtribe Paussina of Paussini) and compare it with that of Arthropterus sp.(subtribe Cerapterina), which is the only other 1st instar described in the Paussini.Most surprisingly, we found that the 1st instar of P. favieri lacks a prostheca, which was previously thought to be a synapomorphy of Paussina + Platyrhopalina.Rather, P. favieri has a unique mandibular structure that seems to be functionally analogous to the protheca.It is a long, broadly lanceolate, distinctly flattened structure apparently homologous to the medial mandibular seta (MN2*), which arises from an area behind the cutting edge of mandible.We predict that the function of the protheca and this similar structure in P. favieri are involved in a specialized feeding strategy that may include soliciting trophallaxis from their host ants.We also report some observations of the first instar hatching from the egg, feeding on liquid and a behaviour we interpret as a "calling behavior," all of which were videotaped and posted on the Tree of Life Web Project.
Synapomorphy
Chaetotaxy
Myrmecophily
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The last immature instar and the mature larva of Bocchus scobiolae are described and illustrated for the first time. The affinities of both immature and mature larvae of Bocchus scobiolae and Mystrophorus formicaeformis are discussed to define larval characters of the subfamily Bocchinae.
Subfamily
Affinities
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The immature and adult stages of Potamyia flavata Banks 1934 were sampled in seven sampling sites in streams of western Thailand. The samples were collected in February, May, and December 2015 using hand picking. A total of 2,133 individuals of larvae were collected. The larva and pupa of Po. flavata are described and illustrated. Larvae have five instars. The head capsule width of the first to the fifth instar larvae were 0.20–0.29, 0.30–0.39, 0.40–0.59, 0.60–0.79, and 0.80–1.15 mm, respectively. Gut content analysis revealed that larvae are omnivorous filterers. The guts of the larvae contained mainly diatoms and green algae followed by filamentous algae, detritus, and arthropod fragments.
Detritus
Hydropsychidae
Omnivore
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A late instar of the Tetragonoderus (Crossonychus) variegatus Dejean, 1829 larva is described for the first time, and is compared with its first instar, with the larva of another Tetragonoderus species, and with the larva of one Cyclicus species. Habitus and important structures of the larva are illustrated, as well the adult’s membranous wings. Some aspects of the natural history of the larva and adult are also noted.
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