Effectiveness of 1 Dose of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccines in Preventing Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction-Confirmed H1N1 Infection Among School-Aged Children in Maine
Amra UzicaninMark S. ThompsonP.F. SmithSandra S. ChavesL. FosterNduduzo DubeSamuel B. GraitcerRichard J. JacksonJill M. FerdinandsPaul GargiulloDora Anne MillsArnold S. MontoDavid K. Shay
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Background. In late October 2009, school-located pandemic vaccination was initiated in Maine before or concurrent with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) peak activity.Keywords:
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As the U.S. prepares to respond this fall and winter to pandemic (H1N1) 2009, a review of the 1957-58 pandemic of Asian influenza (H2N2) could be useful for planning purposes because of the many similarities between the 2 pandemics. Using historical surveillance reports, published literature, and media coverage, this article provides an overview of the epidemiology of and response to the 1957-58 influenza pandemic in the U.S., during which an estimated 25% of the population became infected with the new pandemic virus strain. While it cannot be predicted with absolute certainty how the H1N1 pandemic might play out in the U.S. this fall, lessons from the 1957-58 influenza pandemic provide useful and practical insights for current planning and response efforts.
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Abstract We analyse the economic risks from two influenza pandemics that represent extremes along the virulence‐infectiousness continuum of possible pandemics: a high virulence–low infectiousness event and a low virulence–high infectiousness event. Our analysis involves linking an epidemiological model and a quarterly computable general equilibrium model. We find that global economic activity is more strongly affected by a pandemic with high infection rates rather than high virulence rates, all else being equal. Regions with a higher degree of economic integration with the world economy face greater risks of negative effects than less integrated regions.
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The response to the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century benefited from the extensive preparation for an avian influenza pandemic and the mild nature of the 2009 A/H1N1 swine influenza virus. However, the pandemic demonstrated the limited ability to predict influenza pandemics, to anticipate levels of cross-protection, and to deliver vaccines in a timely manner, particularly to low income countries. The lessons learned from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic are of paramount importance to develop more effective preparations against future pandemics.
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Solved and Problematic Issues of Influenza epidemiology one hundred years after Spanish Flu Pandemic
The history of influenza pandemics of the 20th century and the 2009 pandemic is analyzed, as well as the stages of parallel development of the influenza doctrine. Hypotheses and theoretical aspects explaining the mechanisms of formation of seasonal epidemics and pandemics are considered. Zooanthroponosis locates the Genesis of pandemic influenza type A and type anthropogenic the essence of seasonal drift epidemics of influenza of all types. Taking into account the diversity of opinions of experts, it is proposed to return to the discussion of controversial epidemiological and virological issues officially recognized by WHO in 2009 of the pandemic to develop a unified concept of pandemic influenza on the basis of multi-level variability of the pathogens. We discuss the possibility of improving the prediction of epidemiological (epizoonotic) influenza situation by complex monitoring of the predictors of pandemics (epidemics, epizoonotics) in the hog production regions laboratories, epidemiological and veterinary profile. It is assumed that the probable causative agent of the next pandemic will be influenza virus of serasubtype A ( Н 2N2).
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