The therapeutic efficacy of AC-1370 against experimental infections in mice
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Abstract:
The therapeutic efficacy of AC-1370, a new cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefoperazone in experimental infections in mice. For intraperitoneal infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the efficacy of AC-1370 was inferior to that of cefoperazone. On the other hand, AC-1370 was more potent than cefoperazone against pseudomonal infections. The MICs of AC-1370 against the test strains, however, were inferior or equivalent to those of cefoperazone. Serum and peritoneal exudate levels of AC-1370 in infected mice were more durable than those of cefoperazone. The relationship between AC-1370 and neutrophils was investigated. The efficacy of AC-1370 was more dependent on neutrophils than that of cefoperazone. AC-1370 did not enhance the neutrophil functions of migration and phagocytosis to any significant extent.Keywords:
Cefoperazone
The activity of cefpimizole (formerly U-63196E) was compared with that of other broad-spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins. Overall, cefpimizole exhibited limited activity against gram-positive cocci and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae as compared with the other cephalosporins tested. The activity of cefpimizole against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was similar to that of cefoperazone and mezlocillin (90% MIC, 32 micrograms/ml) but poorer than that of ceftazidime (90% MIC, 8 micrograms/ml). Cefpimizole appears to have no in vitro advantage over the cephalosporins with which it was compared.
Cefoperazone
Mezlocillin
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Cefoperazone
Cefuroxime
Agar dilution
Moxalactam
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Cefoperazone
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Objective
To study the occurrence of renal adverse reactions caused by cephalosporin antibiotics.
Methods
Reviewed 2000-2014 Chinese medicine literature database adverse reaction under the cephalosporin antibiotics kidney damage caused by the reports, and the results were retrospectively analyzed.One by one to find and examine relevant literature, for which complete data of 52 papers in 182 cases of statistical analysis.
Results
In due to the use of cephalosporins and renal damage in 158 patients in neonates and the elderly accounted for the highest proportion, respectively 26.58% and 22.78%.In addition, the statistical analysis found that the proportion of women(55.06%) was higher than men(44.94%), but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=0.65, P>0.05). In the event of 158 patients with renal damage of adverse reactions to use of the third generation cephalosporins was most, accounted for 59.49%(94/158); The second was patients with first generation cephalosporin[(20.25%(32/158)]; The second generation box of the fourth generation cephalosporin use accounted for the smallest proportion, 13.92%(22/158), 6.33%(10/158). The statistical analysis showed that the third generation cephalosporin use ratio was significantly higher than that of the first generation, the second and the fourth generation, the differences were statistically significant(χ2=50.74, 70.61, 92.32, all P<0.05). Add up to of all cephalosporins involves 11, which lead to renal adverse reactions were the most three kinds of cephalosporins antibiotics were ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, the three belong to the third generation cephalosporins.In 158 patients appeared in 132 cases of hematuria, accounted for 83.54%.The main clinical manifestations for the course of medication appeared visible to the naked eye hematuria, and few patients had pain in the waist or abdominal pain.In addition, there were 12 cases of acute renal failure accounted for 7.59%, including 7 cases of death.14 cases of patients with urinary retention occurred, which accounted for 8.86%.Among them, 8 patients for the use of cefazolin 2-4 days after appeared dysuria, all male, aged 45-75 years old, prompt discontinuation of the drug, after symptomatic treatment returned to normal.In addition, 6 patients had dysuria, abdominal distension and pain in the use of ceftezole and cefuroxime, after discontinuation of the drug, symptoms improved obviously.
Conclusion
The clinical use of head hold bacteria cephalosporins drugs, if indeed there is a sign to caution in the use of the drugs, for age, kidney function is not complete person should also reduce drugs or careful with these drugs.At the same time, we should according to the patients' condition and individual differences in selecting the right drugs, should not give with other nephrotoxic drugs such as non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, cyclosporine, and in the use process should closely monitor the blood concentration of patients and detect at any time in urine and kidney function change, and strive to achieve the rational use of the head hold bacteria carotenoid drugs.
Key words:
Cephalosporins; Kidney; Adverse drug reaction reporting systems
Cefoperazone
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
Sulbactam
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Objective:Analyze the application status of cephalosporins injections in our hospital and reinforce the supervision on the using to make sure that its rational use will be further promoted and monitored.Methods:We use the statistically based on ordering of consumption sum and DDDs.Results:Dominating the list in descending order in terms of comsumption sum and constituent ratio of cephalosporins injection over two years had been the third generation cephalosporins,the secong generation cephalosporins,the forth cephalosporins.In 2009,cefoperazone/sulbactam sodium ranked at the first,but the average daily cost of ceftriaxone sodium is lowest.Conclusions:The use of cephalosporins injection in our hospital tents to be reasonablely increasing,but its rational use should be further promoted and monitored.
Cefoperazone
Defined daily dose
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization status of cephalosporins for injection.METHODS:The consumption sum,DDDs and average daily drug cost(DDC) etc of cephalosporins for injection used in our hospital from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Cephalosporin for injection took a higher proportion in the antibiotics for injection used during the period 2006-2009.Cefamandole,the second generation of cephalosporins,increased sharply in 2008 and 2009.Cefoperazone/sulbactam had high rate of clinical use.CONCLUSION:The utilization of cephalosporins has become more and more rational.It is advisable to tighten supervision and control to facilitate a safer,more economical,effective and rational use of antibiotics in the clinic.
Cefoperazone
Cefamandole
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
Defined daily dose
Sulbactam
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[Objective] The situation and change tendency of Cephalosporins used in our hospital was clarified in 2005,in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.[Methods] We adopt DDD by way of count units,and analyzed the data of frequency and cost of antibiotics based on DDDS methods from 2005.[Results] The third of Cephalosporins:Cefoperazone sodium,Flomoxef Sodium and Cefuroxime sodium are top 3 drugs in all Cephalosporins DDDS.[Conclusion] The situation was reasonable of Cephalosporins used in our hospital,but we should control the dosage of the third of Cephalosporins.
Cefoperazone
Cefuroxime
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
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Cefoperazone
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
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Enterobacteriaceae strains having elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations (greater than or equal to 2.0 to less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam were synergistically inhibited by amikacin combinations (54.1 to 69.6% occurrence). Indifference was rare (8.1% for moxalactam), and true antagonistic interactions were not observed. Strains resistant or susceptible to these new cephalosporins were also synergistically inhibited by the addition of amikacin, reducing resistant cephalosporin minimal inhibitory concentrations to clinically achievable levels.
Moxalactam
Cefoperazone
Amikacin
Latamoxef
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Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to important nosocomial pathogens causing mainly hospital-acquired infections. Beta-lactam antibiotics are frequently used in the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae, but by their selection pressure the bacteria become resistant. Excessive use of third-generation cephalosporins is a risk factor for the occurrence and spread of ESBL-producing bacterial strains. The goal of this study was to describe the utilization of third-generation cephalosporins and to analyse their selection pressure on K. pneumoniae in the University Hospital in Olomouc.Data on the utilization of antibiotics in the hospital were obtained for the period 1997-2005 from the computerized database and expressed in defined daily doses per 100 bed-days (DBD). The data were processed according to the ATC/DDD system. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical material obtained from hospitalized patients.Consumption of third-generation cephalosporins, which was 1.79 DBD in 1997, decreased to 0.93 in 1999, remained stable until 2002, and then increased to 2.40 DBD in 2005. During the 9-year period analysed, a total of 9564 strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated. The ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae strains frequency increased from 8% to 18%.Increasing utilization of third-generation cephalosporins was associated with a statistically and clinically significant increased incidence of ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae strains.
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