Single particle plasmon spectroscopy of silver nanowires
Moussa N’GomJ. RingnaldaJohn F. MansfieldNicholas A. KotovAshish Kumar AgrawalN. J. ZaluzecTheodore B. Norris
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Abstract:
The excitation of surface plasmons on individual silver nanowires is studied by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope, and the results are compared to ensemble optical spectra. The transverse and longitudinal modes of these nanostructures were selectively resolved, confirming the plasmon peak shift versus nanowire length.Keywords:
Localized surface plasmon
We present an electron energy loss study using energy filtered TEM of spatially resolved surface plasmon excitations on a silver nanorod of aspect ratio 14.2 resting on a 30 nm thick silicon nitride membrane.Our results show that the excitation is quantized as resonant modes whose intensity maxima vary along the nanorod's length and whose wavelength becomes compressed towards the ends of the nanorod.Theoretical calculations modelling the surface plasmon response of the silver nanorodsilicon nitride system show the importance of including retardation and substrate effects in order to describe accurately the energy dispersion of the resonant modes.
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We demonstrate the use of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with a monochromator and an electron energy loss (EEL) spectrometer as a powerful tool to study localized surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles. We find that plasmon modes can be influenced by changes in nanostructure geometry and electron beam damage and show that it is possible to delineate the two effects through optimization of specimen preparation techniques and acquisition parameters. The results from the experimental mapping of bright and dark plasmon energies are in excellent agreement with the results from theoretical modeling.
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Electron energy loss spectroscopy combined with spectral imaging in a transmission electron microscope is used to probe and map the energy distribution of the optical-frequency surface plasmons of coupled gold nanorods. Local field enhancement and spectral shift of the surface plasmon modes is observed when two nanoparticles are electromagnetically coupled.
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Surface plasmon scattering spectra of chemically produced single Cu nanowires were obtained using a total internal reflection microscope. In particular, we have observed a strong surface plasmon peak in the far red and a red-shift of the surface plasmon resonance with increasing nanowire diameter. We believe that the most reasonable origin for the red-shift of comparably large diameter nanowires is the phase retardation effect.
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The surface plasmon (SP) excitations of gold/silica nanowire, investigated by electron energy-loss spectroscopy in conjunction with scanning transmission electron microscopy, are found to be anisotropic with stronger SP intensities observed along the transverse direction of the nanowire. This indicates that the charge carriers generated near the surface of the nanowires by the decay of SP resonance play a significant role to the enhanced photoconductivity. This conclusion is reaffirmed by the polarization dependent photoconductivity measurement.
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A total internal reflection microscope was constructed to study surface plasmon scattering spectra of a single Cu nanowire. In particular, we have observed a strong surface plasmon peak in deep red region and the red-shift of the surface plasmon resonance as the diameter increases.
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Abstract Using a rather large set of different individual metallic optical antennas, we compare directly measured electron energy-loss spectra with measured quantitative optical extinction and scattering cross-section spectra on the identical antennas. All antenna resonances lie near 1.4 µm wavelength. In contrast to other reports, we find identical resonance positions for electrons and photons to within the experimental errors. We discuss possible artifacts which can lead to seemingly different resonance positions in experiments. Our experimental results agree well with complete numerical calculations of both sorts of spectra.
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The excitation of surface plasmons in individual silver nanowires and gold nanorods is investigated by means of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. The transverse and longitudinal modes of these nanostructures are resolved, and the size variation of the plasmon peaks is studied. The effect of electromagnetic coupling between closely spaced nanoparticles is also observed. Finally, the relation between energy-loss measurements and optical spectroscopy of nanoparticle plasmon modes is discussed.
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