Isolation and characterization of elasnin, a new human granulocyte elastase inhibitor produced by a strain of Streptomyces.
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Isolation
Strain (injury)
Streptomycetaceae
Here we describe the rep gene, isolated from an environmental DNA library, which when transformed into Streptomyces species resulted in increased production of secondary metabolites and accelerated sporulation. We show that Streptomyces lividans strains bearing rep are particularly useful as expression hosts for heterologous antibiotic production.
Streptomycetaceae
Heterologous
Heterologous expression
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Streptomycetaceae
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Streptomycetaceae
Strain (injury)
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Streptomycetaceae
Strain (injury)
Topoisomerase inhibitor
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Restriction fragments of 1.5 kb–3.5 kb length were selected from a SalI digest of Streptomyces coriofaciens ISP5485 DNA. After radiolabelling, these fragments were used as a molecular probe. A number of actinomycetes was screened in colony hybridization. Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium strains were recognized by the probe and the hybridization sensitivity was high with isolated DNA.
Streptomycetaceae
Hybridization probe
Molecular probe
DNA–DNA hybridization
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Secondary metabolism
Secondary metabolite
Streptomycetaceae
Primary metabolite
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Nigericin
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Streptomycetaceae
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Production of various extracellular enzymes (the beta-lactamases from Streptomyces albus G, Streptomyces cacaoi, Actinomadura R39, and the DD-carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces R61) by genetically engineered Streptomyces lividans TK24 in Lennox broth medium reached a maximum after 36 to 48 h. Subsequently, the enzyme activity drastically decreased probably due to an increased pH value and the production of an inactivator by Streptomyces lividans. Protease activity did not seem to play a major role. The increased pH and inactivator synthesis are related to amino acid catabolism and generally result in cellularlysis. The use of a medium where the catabolism of amino acids was made less likely by the presence of glucose and NH(4)Cl and by buffering at pH 7.4 considerably inproved the yield. Furthermore, the water activity of the medium seemed to be an important parameter for the production of extracellular proteins by genetically engineered Streptomyces. Better production was observed when the water activity was decreased to 0.96-0.98 by addition of sucrose.Under those conditions, the concentration of extracellular enzyme reached about 0.3 g (1 g in the best case)/L of culture supernantant.
Streptomycetaceae
Streptomyces albus
Catabolism
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Streptomycetaceae
Micromonospora
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Fifteen strains of Actinomycetales alleged to produce antibiotics belonging to the aureolic acid group, some of which are useful as antitumor agents, were compared taxonomically with Streptomyces cavourensis subsp. washingtonensis strain AUW-83, a strain which produces chromomycin antibiotics. Of these strains, Streptomyces aburaviensis ATCC 23869, Streptomyces minutiscleroticus ATCC 17757, and S. cavourensis subsp. washingtonensis strain AUW-83 are type strains. None of the strains were regarded as similar enough to strain AUW-83 to be placed in S. cavourensis subsp. washingtonensis. Bristol’s Streptomyces sp. C-14795, a chromomycin-producing strain which has not been previously reported in the literature, and S. aburaviensis ATCC 23869 appear to be different strains of the same species; the same is true of Streptomyces griseus no. 7 and Streptomyces sp. KCC S-1081 and of Streptomyces argillaceus F.D. no. 6590 and Streptomyces sp. M-198. However, to establish the identities and taxonomic relationships of these 15 strains, further studies involving direct comparisons with type and/or neotype strains of closely related nomenspecies will be required.
Streptomyces griseus
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